महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-121, verse-12

कथं तदल्पकालेन क्षीणं येनास्मि पातितः ।
भगवन्वेत्थ लोकांश्च शाश्वतान्मम निर्जितान् ॥१२॥

12. kathaṁ tadalpakālena kṣīṇaṁ yenāsmi pātitaḥ ,
bhagavanvettha lokāṁśca śāśvatānmama nirjitān.

12. katham tat alpakālena kṣīṇam yena asmi pātitaḥ
bhagavan vettha lokān ca śāśvatān mama nirjitān

12. How has that [merit] been destroyed in such a short time, by which I have been made to fall? O Lord, do you know my eternal worlds (loka) that I conquered?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what way

• तत् (tat) - that

• अल्पकालेन (alpakālena) - in a short time, within a short period

• क्षीणम् (kṣīṇam) - destroyed, diminished, exhausted

• येन (yena) - by which, on account of which, whereby

• अस्मि (asmi) - I am

• पातितः (pātitaḥ) - fallen, made to fall, thrown down

• भगवन् (bhagavan) - O Lord, O Blessed One, O Venerable One

• वेत्थ (vettha) - you know

• लोकान् (lokān) - worlds, realms, regions

• च (ca) - and, also

• शाश्वतान् (śāśvatān) - eternal, perpetual, permanent

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• निर्जितान् (nirjitān) - conquered, completely won, vanquished

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how, in what way

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that

Note: Refers to 'phalam' (merit) from the previous verse.

अल्पकालेन (alpakālena) - in a short time, within a short period

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of alpakāla

alpakāla - short time, little time

Compound type : karmadharaya (alpa+kāla)

• alpa – small, little, short
  adjective
• kāla – time, period
  noun (masculine)

Note: Indicates the duration or means by which something occurred.

क्षीणम् (kṣīṇam) - destroyed, diminished, exhausted

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṣīṇa

kṣīṇa - destroyed, diminished, exhausted, wasted

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'kṣi' (to waste, perish, destroy).

Root: kṣi (class 5)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'tat'.

येन (yena) - by which, on account of which, whereby

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what

Note: Refers to the destruction of merit as the cause of falling.

अस्मि (asmi) - I am

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

पातितः (pātitaḥ) - fallen, made to fall, thrown down

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pātita

pātita - fallen, caused to fall, made to fall

Past Passive Participle (Causative)

Derived from the causative stem of the root 'pat' (to fall).

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for the implicit 'aham' (I).

भगवन् (bhagavan) - O Lord, O Blessed One, O Venerable One

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - possessing fortune, glorious, divine, Lord, Blessed One

वेत्थ (vettha) - you know

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, perfect indicative (used as present) (liṭ) of vid

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Archaic 2nd singular form of 'vid'.

लोकान् (lokān) - worlds, realms, regions

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of loka

loka - world, realm, universe, people

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

शाश्वतान् (śāśvatān) - eternal, perpetual, permanent

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śāśvata

śāśvata - eternal, perpetual, permanent, constant

Note: Qualifies 'lokān'.

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

निर्जितान् (nirjitān) - conquered, completely won, vanquished

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of nirjita

nirjita - conquered, completely won, overcome

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'ji' (to conquer) with the prefix 'nir'.

Prefix: nir

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'lokān'.