महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-121, verse-18

नारद उवाच ।
एष दोषोऽभिमानेन पुरा प्राप्तो ययातिना ।
निर्बन्धतश्चातिमात्रं गालवेन महीपते ॥१८॥

18. nārada uvāca ,
eṣa doṣo'bhimānena purā prāpto yayātinā ,
nirbandhataścātimātraṁ gālavena mahīpate.

18. nāradaḥ uvāca eṣaḥ doṣaḥ abhimānena purā prāptaḥ
yayātinā nirbandhataḥ ca atimātram gālavenā mahīpate

18. Nārada said: 'This fault was incurred by King Yayāti in the past due to his pride (abhimāna), and it was excessively caused by Gālava's insistence, O King.'

Words meanings summery:

• नारदः (nāradaḥ) - Nārada (a divine sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this, this one

• दोषः (doṣaḥ) - fault, defect, error

• अभिमानेन (abhimānena) - due to his pride (abhimāna) (by pride, by self-conceit)

• पुरा (purā) - in the past, formerly, anciently

• प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - incurred, obtained, reached

• ययातिना (yayātinā) - by Yayāti

• निर्बन्धतः (nirbandhataḥ) - by Gālava's insistence (by coercion, by insistence, from persistence)

• च (ca) - and, also

• अतिमात्रम् (atimātram) - excessively, greatly, in great measure

• गालवेना (gālavenā) - by Gālava

• महीपते (mahīpate) - O King, O ruler of the earth

Words meanings and morphology

नारदः (nāradaḥ) - Nārada (a divine sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nārada

nārada - Nārada (name of a divine sage, son of Brahmā)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active

3rd person singular, parasmaipada. Irregular perfect form from root 'vac'.

Root: vac (class 2)

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Demonstrative pronoun.

दोषः (doṣaḥ) - fault, defect, error

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of doṣa

doṣa - fault, defect, vice, error, offense

Root: duṣ (class 4)

Note: Subject.

अभिमानेन (abhimānena) - due to his pride (abhimāna) (by pride, by self-conceit)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of abhimāna

abhimāna - pride, self-conceit, arrogance, ego (abhimāna)

Derived from 'abhi-man' (to be proud of, to think highly of oneself).

Prefix: abhi

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Cause.

पुरा (purā) - in the past, formerly, anciently

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - incurred, obtained, reached

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāpta

prāpta - attained, reached, obtained, met with, incurred

Past Passive Participle

From 'pra-āp' (to reach, obtain).

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Agrees with 'doṣaḥ'.

ययातिना (yayātinā) - by Yayāti

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yayāti

yayāti - Yayāti (name of a legendary king)

निर्बन्धतः (nirbandhataḥ) - by Gālava's insistence (by coercion, by insistence, from persistence)

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'nir-bandh' (to bind, hold fast, insist). Suffix 'tas' forms an adverb/ablative.

Prefix: nis

Root: bandh (class 9)

Note: Formed with 'tas' suffix.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connective particle.

अतिमात्रम् (atimātram) - excessively, greatly, in great measure

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of atimātra

atimātra - excessive, beyond measure, immoderate

From 'ati' (over, beyond) + 'mātra' (measure).

Note: Adverbial accusative.

गालवेना (gālavenā) - by Gālava

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of gālava

gālava - Gālava (name of a sage, student of Viśvāmitra)

महीपते (mahīpate) - O King, O ruler of the earth

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahīpati

mahīpati - king, ruler of the earth

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahī+pati)

• mahī – earth, land
  noun (feminine)
• pati – master, lord, husband
  noun (masculine)