महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-107, verse-4

एतद्द्वितीयं धर्मस्य द्वारमाचक्षते द्विज ।
त्रुटिशो लवशश्चात्र गण्यते कालनिश्चयः ॥४॥

4. etaddvitīyaṁ dharmasya dvāramācakṣate dvija ,
truṭiśo lavaśaścātra gaṇyate kālaniścayaḥ.

4. etat dvitīyam dharmasya dvāram ācakṣate dvija
truṭiśaḥ lavaśaḥ ca atra gaṇyate kālaniścayaḥ

4. O twice-born (dvija), they declare this to be the second gate of dharma (natural law). Here, the measurement of time is reckoned in its smallest units, like truṭis and lavas.

Words meanings summery:

• एतत् (etat) - this

• द्वितीयम् (dvitīyam) - second, a second

• धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of dharma, of natural law, of duty, of righteousness

• द्वारम् (dvāram) - door, gate, entrance

• आचक्षते (ācakṣate) - they call, they declare, they name

• द्विज (dvija) - O twice-born, O Brahmin

• त्रुटिशः (truṭiśaḥ) - referring to the minute divisions of time, truṭis (in truṭis, in tiny fragments, atom-by-atom)

• लवशः (lavaśaḥ) - referring to the minute divisions of time, lavas (in lavas, in small portions, bit-by-bit)

• च (ca) - and, also

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this context, in this matter

• गण्यते (gaṇyate) - is counted, is calculated, is enumerated

• कालनिश्चयः (kālaniścayaḥ) - determination of time, calculation of time

Words meanings and morphology

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

द्वितीयम् (dvitīyam) - second, a second

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dvitīya

dvitīya - second, another, a second one

धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of dharma, of natural law, of duty, of righteousness

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

द्वारम् (dvāram) - door, gate, entrance

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dvāra

dvāra - door, gate, opening, entrance

आचक्षते (ācakṣate) - they call, they declare, they name

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of ācakṣ

Prefix: ā

Root: cakṣ (class 2)

द्विज (dvija) - O twice-born, O Brahmin

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - twice-born (a member of the first three varṇas: Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya), Brahmin, bird, tooth

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (suffix)
  Kṛt suffix
  Derived from root jan (to be born) as a kṛt affix.
  Root: jan (class 4)

त्रुटिशः (truṭiśaḥ) - referring to the minute divisions of time, truṭis (in truṭis, in tiny fragments, atom-by-atom)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial formation from truṭi (a minute division of time, a particle) with suffix -śas.

लवशः (lavaśaḥ) - referring to the minute divisions of time, lavas (in lavas, in small portions, bit-by-bit)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial formation from lava (a small particle, a moment of time) with suffix -śas.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अत्र (atra) - here, in this context, in this matter

(indeclinable)

गण्यते (gaṇyate) - is counted, is calculated, is enumerated

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present indicative (laṭ) of gaṇ

Root: gaṇ (class 10)

कालनिश्चयः (kālaniścayaḥ) - determination of time, calculation of time

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kālaniścaya

kālaniścaya - determination of time, calculation of time, ascertainment of duration

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāla+niścaya)

• kāla – time, season, period, death
  noun (masculine)
• niścaya – determination, certainty, decision, resolution
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from prefix ni + root ci (to gather, observe, decide).
  Prefix: ni
  Root: ci (class 5)