महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-107, verse-16

अत्राहं गालव पुरा क्षुधार्तः परिचिन्तयन् ।
लब्धवान्युध्यमानौ द्वौ बृहन्तौ गजकच्छपौ ॥१६॥

16. atrāhaṁ gālava purā kṣudhārtaḥ paricintayan ,
labdhavānyudhyamānau dvau bṛhantau gajakacchapau.

16. atra aham gālava purā kṣudhā ārtaḥ paricintayan
labdhavān yudhyamānau dvau bṛhantau gajakacchapau

16. Here, O Gālava, in ancient times, while I was tormented by hunger and reflecting, I found two huge elephant-tortoises fighting.

Words meanings summery:

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this place

• अहम् (aham) - I

• गालव (gālava) - O Gālava

• पुरा (purā) - formerly, anciently, in the past

• क्षुधा (kṣudhā) - by hunger, with hunger

• आर्तः (ārtaḥ) - afflicted, tormented, distressed

• परिचिन्तयन् (paricintayan) - reflecting, pondering, thinking carefully

• लब्धवान् (labdhavān) - obtained, found, gained

• युध्यमानौ (yudhyamānau) - fighting, struggling

• द्वौ (dvau) - two

• बृहन्तौ (bṛhantau) - huge, large, great

• गजकच्छपौ (gajakacchapau) - elephant-tortoises, a pair of an elephant and a tortoise

Words meanings and morphology

अत्र (atra) - here, in this place

(indeclinable)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I, myself

Note: Subject.

गालव (gālava) - O Gālava

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of gālava

gālava - Gālava (name of a sage, a disciple of Viśvāmitra)

Note: Addressed person.

पुरा (purā) - formerly, anciently, in the past

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

क्षुधा (kṣudhā) - by hunger, with hunger

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of kṣudh

kṣudh - hunger, appetite

Note: Used with 'ārtaḥ' to mean 'tormented by hunger'.

आर्तः (ārtaḥ) - afflicted, tormented, distressed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ārta

ārta - afflicted, distressed, tormented, suffering, hurt

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √ṛ (to go, rise) with prefix ā, or from root √ṛt (to pain, afflict).

Prefix: ā

Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Qualifies 'aham'.

परिचिन्तयन् (paricintayan) - reflecting, pondering, thinking carefully

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paricintayat

paricintayat - reflecting, pondering, considering

Present Active Participle

Derived from root √cint (to think) with prefix pari.

Prefix: pari

Root: cint (class 10)

Note: Qualifies 'aham'.

लब्धवान् (labdhavān) - obtained, found, gained

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of labdhavat

labdhavat - one who has obtained, found, gained

Past Active Participle

Derived from root √labh (to obtain, get) with suffix -tavat.

Root: labh (class 1)

Note: Main verb equivalent, predicate for 'aham'.

युध्यमानौ (yudhyamānau) - fighting, struggling

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, dual of yudhyamāna

yudhyamāna - fighting, struggling, contending

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root √yudh (to fight) with suffix -māna.

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'gajakacchapau'.

द्वौ (dvau) - two

(numeral)

Note: Qualifies 'gajakacchapau'.

बृहन्तौ (bṛhantau) - huge, large, great

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, dual of bṛhat

bṛhat - large, great, huge, extensive, high

Root: bṛh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'gajakacchapau'.

गजकच्छपौ (gajakacchapau) - elephant-tortoises, a pair of an elephant and a tortoise

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of gajakacchapa

gajakacchapa - elephant-tortoise, elephant and tortoise

Compound type : dvandva (gaja+kacchapa)

• gaja – elephant
  noun (masculine)
• kacchapa – tortoise, turtle
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'labdhavān'.