महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-107, verse-12

अत्र राक्षसराजेन पौलस्त्येन महात्मना ।
रावणेन तपश्चीर्त्वा सुरेभ्योऽमरता वृता ॥१२॥

12. atra rākṣasarājena paulastyena mahātmanā ,
rāvaṇena tapaścīrtvā surebhyo'maratā vṛtā.

12. atra rākṣasarājēna paulastyēna mahātmanā
rāvaṇēna tapaḥ cīrtvā surēbhyaḥ amaratā vṛtā

12. Here, Rāvaṇa, the great-souled king of the rākṣasas (demons) and descendant of Pulastya, performed severe austerity (tapas) and thereby gained immortality from the gods.

Words meanings summery:

• अत्र (atra) - here (referring to the place where this incident occurred) (here, in this place, at this time)

• राक्षसराजेन (rākṣasarājēna) - by Rāvaṇa, who was the king of rākṣasas (by the king of rākṣasas (demons))

• पौलस्त्येन (paulastyēna) - by Rāvaṇa, as a descendant of sage Pulastya (by the descendant of Pulastya)

• महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled Rāvaṇa (by the great-souled, by the noble)

• रावणेन (rāvaṇēna) - by Rāvaṇa

• तपः (tapaḥ) - severe austerity (tapas) (austerity, penance, heat)

• चीर्त्वा (cīrtvā) - having performed (austerity) (having performed, having practiced)

• सुरेभ्यः (surēbhyaḥ) - from the gods (from the gods, to the gods)

• अमरता (amaratā) - immortality (immortality, deathlessness)

• वृता (vṛtā) - was sought/gained (by Rāvaṇa) (chosen, sought, desired, gained)

Words meanings and morphology

अत्र (atra) - here (referring to the place where this incident occurred) (here, in this place, at this time)

(indeclinable)

राक्षसराजेन (rākṣasarājēna) - by Rāvaṇa, who was the king of rākṣasas (by the king of rākṣasas (demons))

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rākṣasarāja

rākṣasarāja - king of rākṣasas

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (rākṣasa+rājan)

• rākṣasa – rākṣasa, demon
  noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

पौलस्त्येन (paulastyēna) - by Rāvaṇa, as a descendant of sage Pulastya (by the descendant of Pulastya)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of paulastya

paulastya - descendant of Pulastya

patronymic from Pulastya

Note: Refers to Rāvaṇa.

महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled Rāvaṇa (by the great-souled, by the noble)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large, eminent
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with Rāvaṇa.

रावणेन (rāvaṇēna) - by Rāvaṇa

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Rāvaṇa (proper noun)

तपः (tapaḥ) - severe austerity (tapas) (austerity, penance, heat)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, heat, spiritual fervor

Root: tap (class 1)

चीर्त्वा (cīrtvā) - having performed (austerity) (having performed, having practiced)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

from root `car` (to move, perform) with suffix `ktvā`

Root: car (class 1)

Note: `ktvā` participle.

सुरेभ्यः (surēbhyaḥ) - from the gods (from the gods, to the gods)

(noun)

masculine, plural of sura

sura - god, deity

Note: Here in ablative sense "from the gods".

अमरता (amaratā) - immortality (immortality, deathlessness)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of amaratā

amaratā - immortality, deathlessness

from `amara` (immortal) + `tā` (suffix for abstract noun)

वृता (vṛtā) - was sought/gained (by Rāvaṇa) (chosen, sought, desired, gained)

(participle)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vṛta

vṛta - chosen, selected, sought, covered, surrounded

Past Passive Participle

from root `vṛ` (to choose, select; also to cover, enclose)

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Used adjectivally.