महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-107, verse-1

सुपर्ण उवाच ।
इयं विवस्वता पूर्वं श्रौतेन विधिना किल ।
गुरवे दक्षिणा दत्ता दक्षिणेत्युच्यतेऽथ दिक् ॥१॥

1. suparṇa uvāca ,
iyaṁ vivasvatā pūrvaṁ śrautena vidhinā kila ,
gurave dakṣiṇā dattā dakṣiṇetyucyate'tha dik.

1. suparṇaḥ uvāca iyam vivasvatā pūrvam śrautena vidhinā
kila gurave dakṣiṇā dattā dakṣiṇā iti ucyate atha dik

1. Suparṇa said: Formerly, it is said, Vivasvat (the Sun god) gave a ceremonial gift (dakṣiṇā) to his teacher (guru) according to scriptural injunction. Thus, that direction is now called Dakṣiṇā (the southern direction).

Words meanings summery:

• सुपर्णः (suparṇaḥ) - Suparṇa (Garuda, lit. 'having beautiful wings')

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• इयम् (iyam) - this (direction) (this (feminine nominative singular))

• विवस्वता (vivasvatā) - by Vivasvat (the Sun god) (by Vivasvat, by the Sun god)

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - formerly (formerly, previously, before)

• श्रौतेन (śrautena) - by scriptural (method) (by scriptural, according to the Vedas)

• विधिना (vidhinā) - by injunction (by method, by rule, by injunction)

• किल (kila) - it is said (indeed, certainly, it is said)

• गुरवे (gurave) - to the teacher (guru) (to the teacher, to the venerable one)

• दक्षिणा (dakṣiṇā) - ceremonial gift (dakṣiṇā) (ceremonial gift, fee, southern direction, right (direction))

• दत्ता (dattā) - given, presented

• दक्षिणा (dakṣiṇā) - Dakṣiṇā (the southern direction) (Dakṣiṇā (the southern direction, or a ceremonial gift))

• इति (iti) - thus (thus, so, in this manner (quotation marker))

• उच्यते (ucyate) - is called (is called, is said, is spoken)

• अथ (atha) - now (now, then, thereupon)

• दिक् (dik) - direction (direction, quarter of the sky)

Words meanings and morphology

सुपर्णः (suparṇaḥ) - Suparṇa (Garuda, lit. 'having beautiful wings')

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suparṇa

suparṇa - having beautiful wings; an epithet of Garuḍa

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+parṇa)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• parṇa – wing, feather, leaf
  noun (neuter)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

इयम् (iyam) - this (direction) (this (feminine nominative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Refers to the Dakṣiṇā dik, the southern direction.

विवस्वता (vivasvatā) - by Vivasvat (the Sun god) (by Vivasvat, by the Sun god)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vivasvat

vivasvat - the Sun god, brilliant, luminous

Root: vas (class 2)

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - formerly (formerly, previously, before)

(indeclinable)

श्रौतेन (śrautena) - by scriptural (method) (by scriptural, according to the Vedas)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śrauta

śrauta - relating to the śruti (Vedas), scriptural, Vedic

Derived from śruti (Veda) with suffix -a

Note: Agrees with vidhinā.

विधिना (vidhinā) - by injunction (by method, by rule, by injunction)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vidhi

vidhi - rule, injunction, method, destiny

Root: dhā (class 3)

किल (kila) - it is said (indeed, certainly, it is said)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used to indicate tradition or hearsay.

गुरवे (gurave) - to the teacher (guru) (to the teacher, to the venerable one)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of guru

guru - teacher, preceptor, heavy, venerable

Note: This word is to be included in brackets in the English translation.

दक्षिणा (dakṣiṇā) - ceremonial gift (dakṣiṇā) (ceremonial gift, fee, southern direction, right (direction))

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of dakṣiṇā

dakṣiṇā - ceremonial gift, fee, offering; southern direction, right side

Note: This word is to be included in brackets in the English translation.

दत्ता (dattā) - given, presented

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of datta

datta - given, presented, granted

past passive participle

Past passive participle of root dā (to give)

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with dakṣiṇā.

दक्षिणा (dakṣiṇā) - Dakṣiṇā (the southern direction) (Dakṣiṇā (the southern direction, or a ceremonial gift))

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of dakṣiṇā

dakṣiṇā - southern direction, right side; ceremonial gift, fee, offering

Note: Used here to explain the name of the direction; implies 'the direction called Dakṣiṇā'.

इति (iti) - thus (thus, so, in this manner (quotation marker))

(indeclinable)

उच्यते (ucyate) - is called (is called, is said, is spoken)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

अथ (atha) - now (now, then, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

दिक् (dik) - direction (direction, quarter of the sky)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of diś

diś - direction, quarter of the sky, point of the compass