महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-107, verse-17

अत्र शक्रधनुर्नाम सूर्याज्जातो महानृषिः ।
विदुर्यं कपिलं देवं येनात्ताः सगरात्मजाः ॥१७॥

17. atra śakradhanurnāma sūryājjāto mahānṛṣiḥ ,
viduryaṁ kapilaṁ devaṁ yenāttāḥ sagarātmajāḥ.

17. atra śakradhanuḥ nāma sūryāt jātaḥ mahān ṛṣiḥ
viduḥ yam kapilam devam yena attāḥ sagarātmajāḥ

17. Here, a great sage (ṛṣi) named Śakradhanu was born from the sun. People know him as the divine Kapila, by whom the sons of Sagara were consumed.

Words meanings summery:

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this place

• शक्रधनुः (śakradhanuḥ) - Śakradhanu (name of a sage)

• नाम (nāma) - by name, indeed, specifically

• सूर्यात् (sūryāt) - from the sun

• जातः (jātaḥ) - born, produced, arisen

• महान् (mahān) - great, large, important

• ऋषिः (ṛṣiḥ) - sage (ṛṣi), seer, inspired poet

• विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they understand

• यम् (yam) - whom (referring to Śakradhanuḥ/Kapila) (whom)

• कपिलम् (kapilam) - Kapila (name of a sage)

• देवम् (devam) - divine, god, deity

• येन (yena) - by whom (referring to Kapila) (by whom)

• अत्ताः (attāḥ) - consumed, eaten, devoured

• सगरात्मजाः (sagarātmajāḥ) - the sons of Sagara

Words meanings and morphology

अत्र (atra) - here, in this place

(indeclinable)

Note: Refers to a geographical location.

शक्रधनुः (śakradhanuḥ) - Śakradhanu (name of a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakradhanus

śakradhanus - Śakradhanu (a proper name, literally 'Indra's bow')

Compound type : tatpurusha (śakra+dhanus)

• śakra – Indra, powerful
  noun (masculine)
• dhanus – bow, arc, rainbow
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of the first clause.

नाम (nāma) - by name, indeed, specifically

(indeclinable)

सूर्यात् (sūryāt) - from the sun

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of sūrya

sūrya - the sun, the sun god

Note: Source of birth.

जातः (jātaḥ) - born, produced, arisen

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jāta

jāta - born, produced, arisen, occurred

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √jan (to be born, produce).

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'ṛṣiḥ'.

महान् (mahān) - great, large, important

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, extensive, mighty, important

Note: Qualifies 'ṛṣiḥ'.

ऋषिः (ṛṣiḥ) - sage (ṛṣi), seer, inspired poet

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer, inspired poet, Vedic singer

Root: ṛṣ (class 4)

Note: Subject of the first clause.

विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they understand

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vid

Present tense

From root √vid, 2nd class (adādi).

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the second clause.

यम् (yam) - whom (referring to Śakradhanuḥ/Kapila) (whom)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Note: Object of 'viduḥ'.

कपिलम् (kapilam) - Kapila (name of a sage)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kapila

kapila - Kapila (name of a celebrated sage, founder of Sāṃkhya philosophy), tawny, reddish-brown

Note: Predicate accusative with 'yam'.

देवम् (devam) - divine, god, deity

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of deva

deva - god, deity, divine, celestial

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'kapilam', denoting his divine nature.

येन (yena) - by whom (referring to Kapila) (by whom)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Note: Agent in the passive construction 'yenāttāḥ'.

अत्ताः (attāḥ) - consumed, eaten, devoured

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of atta

atta - eaten, consumed, devoured, seized

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √ad (to eat) or √ā + √dā (to take). Here it means consumed/devoured.

Root: ad (class 2)

Note: Predicate for 'sagarātmajāḥ'.

सगरात्मजाः (sagarātmajāḥ) - the sons of Sagara

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sagarātmaja

sagarātmaja - son of Sagara, born of Sagara

Compound type : tatpurusha (sagara+ātmaja)

• sagara – Sagara (name of an ancient king)
  proper noun (masculine)
• ātmaja – son, born of oneself
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from `ātman` + `ja` (born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of the passive clause.