महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-65, verse-15

एष सर्वान्महीपालान्करमाहारयत्तदा ।
वैश्यानिव महाराज विवशान्स्ववशानपि ॥१५॥

15. eṣa sarvānmahīpālānkaramāhārayattadā ,
vaiśyāniva mahārāja vivaśānsvavaśānapi.

15. eṣa sarvān mahīpālān karam āhārayat tadā
vaiśyān iva mahārāja vivaśān svavaśān api

15. O great king, he then collected taxes from all rulers, just as one collects from Vaishyas, whether those rulers were unwilling or even self-reliant.

Words meanings summery:

• एष (eṣa) - he (the king being described) (he, this one)

• सर्वान् (sarvān) - all (kings) (all, every)

• महीपालान् (mahīpālān) - rulers (kings, protectors of the earth)

• करम् (karam) - tax, tribute (tax, tribute, hand)

• आहारयत् (āhārayat) - he collected (he caused to bring, collected, fetched)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• वैश्यान् (vaiśyān) - Vaishyas (Vaishyas (the third of the four social classes))

• इव (iva) - just as (like, as, as if)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king (addressing the listener) (O great king)

• विव्शान् (vivśān) - unwilling (helpless, dependent, unwilling)

• स्ववशान् (svavaśān) - self-reliant (self-controlled, independent)

• अपि (api) - or even (also, even, moreover)

Words meanings and morphology

एष (eṣa) - he (the king being described) (he, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, he, she, it

Note: From etad, masculine nominative singular.

सर्वान् (sarvān) - all (kings) (all, every)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Agrees with mahīpālān.

महीपालान् (mahīpālān) - rulers (kings, protectors of the earth)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of mahīpāla

mahīpāla - protector of the earth, king, ruler

Compound type : tatpurusha (mahī+pāla)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• pāla – protector, guardian
  noun (masculine)
  From √pā (to protect)
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Object of āhārayat.

करम् (karam) - tax, tribute (tax, tribute, hand)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kara

kara - tax, tribute; hand; ray

Note: Object of āhārayat.

आहारयत् (āhārayat) - he collected (he caused to bring, collected, fetched)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of hṛ

Prefix: ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Imperfect 3rd singular active, causative.

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

वैश्यान् (vaiśyān) - Vaishyas (Vaishyas (the third of the four social classes))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vaiśya

vaiśya - a man of the third class (agriculturist, merchant)

Note: Object of comparison.

इव (iva) - just as (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison.

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king (addressing the listener) (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārājan

mahārājan - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Address to the listener.

विव्शान् (vivśān) - unwilling (helpless, dependent, unwilling)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vivaśa

vivaśa - helpless, dependent, unwilling, not self-controlled

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (vi+vaśa)

• vi – apart, asunder, without
  indeclinable
• vaśa – will, desire, control
  noun (masculine)

Note: Describes the kings (mahīpālān).

स्ववशान् (svavaśān) - self-reliant (self-controlled, independent)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of svavaśa

svavaśa - self-controlled, independent, at one's own disposal

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sva+vaśa)

• sva – own, self
  pronoun/adjective
• vaśa – will, desire, control
  noun (masculine)

Note: Describes the kings (mahīpālān).

अपि (api) - or even (also, even, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes svavaśān.