महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-65, verse-12

त्रिंशदेनं सहस्राणि रथाः काञ्चनमालिनः ।
सदश्वैरुपसंपन्नाः पृष्ठतोऽनुययुः सदा ॥१२॥

12. triṁśadenaṁ sahasrāṇi rathāḥ kāñcanamālinaḥ ,
sadaśvairupasaṁpannāḥ pṛṣṭhato'nuyayuḥ sadā.

12. triṃśat enam sahasrāṇi rathāḥ kāñcanamālinaḥ
sadaśvaiḥ upasaṃpannāḥ pṛṣṭhataḥ anuyayuḥ sadā

12. Thirty thousand gold-adorned chariots, equipped with excellent horses, always followed him from behind.

Words meanings summery:

• त्रिंशत् (triṁśat) - thirty

• एनम् (enam) - Yudhishthira (him, this one)

• सहस्राणि (sahasrāṇi) - thousands

• रथाः (rathāḥ) - chariots

• काञ्चनमालिनः (kāñcanamālinaḥ) - adorned with golden garlands, having gold chains

• सदश्वैः (sadaśvaiḥ) - with good horses, by excellent horses

• उपसंपन्नाः (upasaṁpannāḥ) - endowed, furnished, possessed of

• पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - from behind, behind

• अनुययुः (anuyayuḥ) - they followed

• सदा (sadā) - always, ever, constantly

Words meanings and morphology

त्रिंशत् (triṁśat) - thirty

(numeral)

Note: Often takes nominative singular regardless of gender/number it modifies.

एनम् (enam) - Yudhishthira (him, this one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Yudhishthira.

सहस्राणि (sahasrāṇi) - thousands

(numeral)

Note: Functions as a collective noun here, subject with rathāḥ.

रथाः (rathāḥ) - chariots

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Subject of anuyayuḥ.

काञ्चनमालिनः (kāñcanamālinaḥ) - adorned with golden garlands, having gold chains

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kāñcanamālin

kāñcanamālin - adorned with gold garlands, wearing gold chains

Possessive adjective derived from kāñcanamālā (golden garland).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (kāñcana+mālā)

• kāñcana – gold, golden
  noun (neuter)
• mālā – garland, necklace, row
  noun (feminine)

Note: Qualifies rathāḥ.

सदश्वैः (sadaśvaiḥ) - with good horses, by excellent horses

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sadaśva

sadaśva - good horse, excellent horse

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sat+aśva)

• sat – good, excellent, true, existent
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  From root as (to be).
  Root: as (class 2)
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agent or means for upasaṃpannāḥ.

उपसंपन्नाः (upasaṁpannāḥ) - endowed, furnished, possessed of

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of upasaṃpanna

upasaṁpanna - furnished with, endowed with, accomplished, obtained

Past Passive Participle

From root pad (to go, fall) with prefixes upa and sam.

Prefixes: upa+sam

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Qualifies rathāḥ.

पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - from behind, behind

(indeclinable)

Tasil suffix from pṛṣṭha (back).

अनुययुः (anuyayuḥ) - they followed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (liṭ) of anuyā

Past Active Indicative (Perfect/Lit)

3rd person plural. From root yā (to go) with prefix anu.

Prefix: anu

Root: yā (class 2)

सदा (sadā) - always, ever, constantly

(indeclinable)