महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-50, verse-2

बहुधा तस्य सैन्यस्य व्यूढस्यापततः शरैः ।
अभियानीयमाज्ञाय वैराटिरिदमब्रवीत् ॥२॥

2. bahudhā tasya sainyasya vyūḍhasyāpatataḥ śaraiḥ ,
abhiyānīyamājñāya vairāṭiridamabravīt.

2. bahudhā tasya sainyasya vyūḍhasya āpatataḥ
śaraiḥ abhiyānīyam ājñāya vairāṭiḥ idam abravīt

2. Realizing this attack, which involved numerous arrows coming from their well-arranged and advancing army, Uttara, the son of Virāṭa, said this.

Words meanings summery:

• बहुधा (bahudhā) - in numerous ways (referring to the arrows/attack) (in many ways, manifold, greatly)

• तस्य (tasya) - of that (Kaurava) army (of that, his)

• सैन्यस्य (sainyasya) - of the army

• व्यूढस्य (vyūḍhasya) - of the (enemy) army, which was deployed (of the deployed, of the arrayed)

• आपततः (āpatataḥ) - of the (enemy) army, which was advancing/attacking (of the attacking, of the falling upon)

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows, with arrows

• अभियानीयम् (abhiyānīyam) - the attack, the assault

• आज्ञाय (ājñāya) - having known, having understood, realizing

• वैराटिः (vairāṭiḥ) - Uttara, the son of King Virāṭa (the son of Virāṭa)

• इदम् (idam) - this

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, he spoke

Words meanings and morphology

बहुधा (bahudhā) - in numerous ways (referring to the arrows/attack) (in many ways, manifold, greatly)

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'bahu' (many) with suffix '-dhā'.

तस्य (tasya) - of that (Kaurava) army (of that, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

सैन्यस्य (sainyasya) - of the army

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of sainya

sainya - army, host, military force

व्यूढस्य (vyūḍhasya) - of the (enemy) army, which was deployed (of the deployed, of the arrayed)

(adjective)

Genitive, neuter, singular of vyūḍha

vyūḍha - arranged, arrayed, deployed, drawn up

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'ūh' (to push, arrange) with the prefix 'vi-' (apart, extensively).

Prefix: vi

Root: ūh (class 1)

आपततः (āpatataḥ) - of the (enemy) army, which was advancing/attacking (of the attacking, of the falling upon)

(adjective)

Genitive, neuter, singular of āpatat

āpatat - falling upon, attacking, approaching rapidly

Present Active Participle

Derived from the root 'pat' (to fall) with the prefix 'ā-' (towards, upon).

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows, with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, reed

अभियानीयम् (abhiyānīyam) - the attack, the assault

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of abhiyānīya

abhiyānīya - to be approached, to be attacked; an attack, an assault

Gerundive

Derived from the root 'yā' (to go) with prefix 'abhi-' (towards), forming a gerundive used substantively.

Prefix: abhi

Root: yā (class 2)

आज्ञाय (ājñāya) - having known, having understood, realizing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from the root 'jñā' (to know) with the prefix 'ā-' (towards, thoroughly).

Prefix: ā

Root: jñā (class 9)

वैराटिः (vairāṭiḥ) - Uttara, the son of King Virāṭa (the son of Virāṭa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vairāṭi

vairāṭi - descendant of Virāṭa, son of Virāṭa

Patronymic from Virāṭa.

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this here

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)