महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-50, verse-15

नागकक्ष्या तु रुचिरा ध्वजाग्रे यस्य तिष्ठति ।
एष वैकर्तनः कर्णो विदितः पूर्वमेव ते ॥१५॥

15. nāgakakṣyā tu rucirā dhvajāgre yasya tiṣṭhati ,
eṣa vaikartanaḥ karṇo viditaḥ pūrvameva te.

15. nāgakakṣyā tu rucirā dhvajāgre yasya tiṣṭhati
eṣaḥ vaikartanaḥ karṇaḥ viditaḥ pūrvam eva te

15. A splendid serpent ensign stands at the top of his banner. This is Karṇa, the son of Vīkartana, who is already known to you.

Words meanings summery:

• नागकक्ष्या (nāgakakṣyā) - serpent-banner, serpent ensign

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, and

• रुचिरा (rucirā) - beautiful, splendid, bright

• ध्वजाग्रे (dhvajāgre) - on the top of the banner

• यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom

• तिष्ठति (tiṣṭhati) - stands, is situated, remains

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this one, he

• वैकर्तनः (vaikartanaḥ) - son of Vīkartana (Surya)

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karṇa

• विदितः (viditaḥ) - known, understood

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - before, previously

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

• ते (te) - to you, by you

Words meanings and morphology

नागकक्ष्या (nāgakakṣyā) - serpent-banner, serpent ensign

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nāgakakṣyā

nāgakakṣyā - serpent-girdle, a snake banner

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nāga+kakṣyā)

• nāga – serpent, snake
  noun (masculine)
• kakṣyā – girdle, belt; a banner-mark, ensign
  noun (feminine)

Note: Refers to Karṇa's banner.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, and

(indeclinable)

रुचिरा (rucirā) - beautiful, splendid, bright

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of rucira

rucira - bright, beautiful, splendid, lovely

Root: ruc (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'nāgakakṣyā'.

ध्वजाग्रे (dhvajāgre) - on the top of the banner

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of dhvajāgra

dhvajāgra - banner-top

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dhvaja+agra)

• dhvaja – banner, flag, standard
  noun (masculine)
• agra – top, summit, front, point
  noun (neuter)

यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun referring to Karṇa.

तिष्ठति (tiṣṭhati) - stands, is situated, remains

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of sthā

Root: sthā (class 1)

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this one, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of eṣa

eṣa - this, he

Note: Refers to Karṇa.

वैकर्तनः (vaikartanaḥ) - son of Vīkartana (Surya)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaikartana

vaikartana - son of Vīkartana, a name of Karṇa

Patronymic from Vīkartana (a name of the sun god, Surya)

Note: An epithet of Karṇa.

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karṇa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - ear; Karṇa (name of a hero in the Mahābhārata)

विदितः (viditaḥ) - known, understood

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidita

vidita - known, understood, perceived

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root vid (to know)

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'eṣaḥ vaikartanaḥ karṇaḥ'.

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - before, previously

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as an adverb.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes 'pūrvam'.

ते (te) - to you, by you

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Alternative form for 'tvayā' (instrumental 'by you') or 'tubhyam' (dative 'to you') in this context, fitting 'viditaḥ'.