महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-50, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
अपयाते तु राधेये दुर्योधनपुरोगमाः ।
अनीकेन यथास्वेन शरैरार्च्छन्त पाण्डवम् ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
apayāte tu rādheye duryodhanapurogamāḥ ,
anīkena yathāsvena śarairārcchanta pāṇḍavam.

1. vaiśampāyana uvāca apayāte tu rādheye duryodhanapurogamāḥ
anīkena yathāsvena śaraiḥ ārcchanta pāṇḍavam

1. Vaiśampāyana said: When Rādhā's son (Karṇa) had departed, Duryodhana and his foremost warriors, along with their respective divisions, attacked the Pāṇḍava (Arjuna) with arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (the narrator of the Mahābhārata) (Vaiśampāyana)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अपयाते (apayāte) - having departed, having gone away

• तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

• राधेये (rādheye) - in Karṇa (the son of Rādhā) (to Rādhā's son, in Rādhā's son)

• दुर्योधनपुरोगमाः (duryodhanapurogamāḥ) - Duryodhana and his leading warriors (those led by Duryodhana, Duryodhana and his foremost men)

• अनीकेन (anīkena) - by or with the army, with the division

• यथास्वेन (yathāsvena) - with their respective armies/divisions (with their own, respectively)

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows, with arrows

• आर्च्छन्त (ārcchanta) - they attacked, they struck

• पाण्डवम् (pāṇḍavam) - Arjuna, the son of Pāṇḍu (the Pāṇḍava)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (the narrator of the Mahābhārata) (Vaiśampāyana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśampāyana

vaiśampāyana - Name of a sage, a disciple of Vyāsa and narrator of the Mahābhārata

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

अपयाते (apayāte) - having departed, having gone away

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of apayāta

apayāta - departed, gone away

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'yā' (to go) with the prefix 'apa-' (away, off).

Prefix: apa

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction.

तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

(indeclinable)

राधेये (rādheye) - in Karṇa (the son of Rādhā) (to Rādhā's son, in Rādhā's son)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of rādheya

rādheya - son of Rādhā (Karṇa)

Patronymic from Rādhā.

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction.

दुर्योधनपुरोगमाः (duryodhanapurogamāḥ) - Duryodhana and his leading warriors (those led by Duryodhana, Duryodhana and his foremost men)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of duryodhanapurogama

duryodhanapurogama - those having Duryodhana as their leader, Duryodhana foremost

Bahuvrīhi compound describing a group led by Duryodhana.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (duryodhana+purogama)

• duryodhana – Duryodhana (a proper name, the eldest son of Dhritarashtra)
  proper noun (masculine)
• purogama – one who goes before, leader, foremost
  noun (masculine)
  From puras (before) + gama (going), formed from root gam.
  Prefix: puras
  Root: gam (class 1)

अनीकेन (anīkena) - by or with the army, with the division

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of anīka

anīka - army, host, division, front

यथास्वेन (yathāsvena) - with their respective armies/divisions (with their own, respectively)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of yathāsva

yathāsva - according to one's own, respective

Avyayībhāva compound formed from yathā and sva, here acting as an adjective.

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+sva)

• yathā – as, according to, in such a manner
  indeclinable
• sva – one's own, self, own property
  adjective (masculine)

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows, with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, reed

आर्च्छन्त (ārcchanta) - they attacked, they struck

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of ṛcch

Root 'ṛcch' with prefix 'ā-' to denote motion towards or attack.

Prefix: ā

Root: ṛcch (class 6)

पाण्डवम् (pāṇḍavam) - Arjuna, the son of Pāṇḍu (the Pāṇḍava)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, son of Pāṇḍu

Patronymic from Pāṇḍu.