महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-50, verse-16

एतस्य रथमास्थाय राधेयस्य दुरात्मनः ।
यत्तो भवेथाः संग्रामे स्पर्धत्येष मया सदा ॥१६॥

16. etasya rathamāsthāya rādheyasya durātmanaḥ ,
yatto bhavethāḥ saṁgrāme spardhatyeṣa mayā sadā.

16. etasya ratham āsthāya rādheyasya durātmanaḥ yattaḥ
bhavethāḥ saṃgrāme spardhati eṣaḥ mayā sadā

16. Mounting the chariot of this wicked-souled Radheya (Karṇa), you should be prepared in battle. He always challenges me.

Words meanings summery:

• एतस्य (etasya) - of this, his

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot

• आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having mounted, standing on

• राधेयस्य (rādheyasya) - of Radheya, of the son of Rādhā (Karṇa)

• दुरात्मनः (durātmanaḥ) - of the wicked-souled, evil-minded

• यत्तः (yattaḥ) - prepared, attentive, restrained

• भवेथाः (bhavethāḥ) - you should be, may you be

• संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - in battle, in combat

• स्पर्धति (spardhati) - competes, challenges, vies

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this one, he

• मया (mayā) - with me, by me

• सदा (sadā) - always, ever

Words meanings and morphology

एतस्य (etasya) - of this, his

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of etat

etat - this, that

Note: Refers to Karṇa.

रथम् (ratham) - chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having mounted, standing on

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive from ā-sthā (to stand)

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

राधेयस्य (rādheyasya) - of Radheya, of the son of Rādhā (Karṇa)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rādheya

rādheya - son of Rādhā, Karṇa

Patronymic from Rādhā

Note: Refers to Karṇa.

दुरात्मनः (durātmanaḥ) - of the wicked-souled, evil-minded

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of durātman

durātman - evil-minded, wicked-souled, malevolent person

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dur+ātman)

• dur – bad, difficult, evil
  indeclinable
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'rādheyasya'.

यत्तः (yattaḥ) - prepared, attentive, restrained

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yatta

yatta - prepared, ready, attentive, careful, self-controlled

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root yat (to strive, exert)

Root: yat (class 1)

Note: Refers to the charioteer.

भवेथाः (bhavethāḥ) - you should be, may you be

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, optative (liṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Middle voice optative form.

संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃgrāma

saṁgrāma - battle, war, combat

Prefix: sam

Root: gram (class 1)

स्पर्धति (spardhati) - competes, challenges, vies

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of spardh

Root: spardh (class 1)

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this one, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of eṣa

eṣa - this, he

Note: Refers to Karṇa.

मया (mayā) - with me, by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I, myself

Note: Refers to Arjuna.

सदा (sadā) - always, ever

(indeclinable)