महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-44, verse-7

एकश्च पञ्च वर्षाणि शक्रादस्त्राण्यशिक्षत ।
एकः सांयमिनीं जित्वा कुरूणामकरोद्यशः ॥७॥

7. ekaśca pañca varṣāṇi śakrādastrāṇyaśikṣata ,
ekaḥ sāṁyaminīṁ jitvā kurūṇāmakarodyaśaḥ.

7. ekaḥ ca pañca varṣāṇi śakrāt astrāṇi aśikṣata
| ekaḥ sāṃyaminīm jitvā kurūṇām akarot yaśaḥ

7. And one (Arjuna) learned divine weapons (astras) from Indra (Śakra) for five years. One (Bhīma), having conquered Saṃyaminī, brought fame to the Kurus.

Words meanings summery:

• एकः (ekaḥ) - one (referring to Arjuna) (one, a certain one)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• पञ्च (pañca) - five

• वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years (years, rains)

• शक्रात् (śakrāt) - from Indra (Śakra)

• अस्त्राणि (astrāṇi) - divine weapons (astras) (weapons, missiles, divine weapons)

• अशिक्षत (aśikṣata) - learned (he learned, he studied, he practiced)

• एकः (ekaḥ) - one (referring to Bhīma) (one, a certain one)

• सांयमिनीम् (sāṁyaminīm) - Saṃyaminī (the city) (Saṃyaminī (name of Yama's city), restraining, controlling (feminine))

• जित्वा (jitvā) - having conquered (having conquered, having won)

• कुरूणाम् (kurūṇām) - of the Kurus (people)

• अकरोत् (akarot) - brought, made (he made, he did, he performed)

• यशः (yaśaḥ) - fame (fame, glory, renown, splendor)

Words meanings and morphology

एकः (ekaḥ) - one (referring to Arjuna) (one, a certain one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, single, unique, a certain, alone

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

conjunction

पञ्च (pañca) - five

(numeral)

Note: Functions as an adjective for `varṣāṇi`.

वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years (years, rains)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of varṣa

varṣa - year, rain, monsoon, cloud

Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Accusative of duration.

शक्रात् (śakrāt) - from Indra (Śakra)

(proper noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of śakra

śakra - Indra, powerful, mighty

From root `śak` (to be able).

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Source from which weapons were learned.

अस्त्राणि (astrāṇi) - divine weapons (astras) (weapons, missiles, divine weapons)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of astra

astra - missile, weapon, divine weapon

From root `as` (to throw) + `tra` suffix.

Root: as (class 4)

Note: Object of `aśikṣata`.

अशिक्षत (aśikṣata) - learned (he learned, he studied, he practiced)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of śikṣa

imperfect middle 3rd singular

Desiderative of `śak` (to be able) used as a verb in `ātmāne-pada` (middle voice). `a` is the augment for imperfect tense.

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: The subject is `ekaḥ` (Arjuna).

एकः (ekaḥ) - one (referring to Bhīma) (one, a certain one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, single, unique, a certain, alone

सांयमिनीम् (sāṁyaminīm) - Saṃyaminī (the city) (Saṃyaminī (name of Yama's city), restraining, controlling (feminine))

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sāṃyaminī

sāṁyaminī - Name of Yama's city, the city of restraint, a particular river

Feminine form of `sāṃyamina` (relating to `samyama` restraint).

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Refers to Yama's city, or a metaphorical 'city of restraint'.

जित्वा (jitvā) - having conquered (having conquered, having won)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root `ji` (to conquer, to win) + `ktvā` suffix.

Root: ji (class 1)

कुरूणाम् (kurūṇām) - of the Kurus (people)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - a descendant of Kuru, the country of Kuru, the people of Kuru

Note: Indicates the group to whom fame was brought.

अकरोत् (akarot) - brought, made (he made, he did, he performed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of kṛ

imperfect active 3rd singular

From root `kṛ` (to do, to make) + augment `a` for imperfect.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: The subject is `ekaḥ` (Bhīma).

यशः (yaśaḥ) - fame (fame, glory, renown, splendor)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yaśas

yaśas - fame, glory, renown, splendor, honor

Root: yaś