महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-44, verse-15

आत्मानं यः समुद्बध्य कण्ठे बद्ध्वा महाशिलाम् ।
समुद्रं प्रतरेद्दोर्भ्यां तत्र किं नाम पौरुषम् ॥१५॥

15. ātmānaṁ yaḥ samudbadhya kaṇṭhe baddhvā mahāśilām ,
samudraṁ pratareddorbhyāṁ tatra kiṁ nāma pauruṣam.

15. ātmānam yaḥ samudbadhya kaṇṭhe baddhvā mahāśilām |
samudram prataret dorbhyām tatra kim nāma pauruṣam

15. What kind of heroism (pauruṣam) is it for someone who, having bound their own self (ātman) by the neck with a great stone, then attempts to cross the ocean using only their arms?

Words meanings summery:

• आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - one's own self (ātman) (the self, one's own self, soul, spirit, essence)

• यः (yaḥ) - he who, someone who (who, which, he who)

• समुद्बध्य (samudbadhya) - having bound firmly, having tied up completely

• कण्ठे (kaṇṭhe) - by the neck (in the neck, on the neck)

• बद्ध्वा (baddhvā) - having bound, having tied

• महाशिलाम् (mahāśilām) - a great stone, a large rock

• समुद्रम् (samudram) - the ocean, the sea

• प्रतरेत् (prataret) - should cross, might cross, would cross over

• दोर्भ्याम् (dorbhyām) - using (two) arms (by (two) arms)

• तत्र (tatra) - in such a case, then (there, in that case, then)

• किम् (kim) - what kind of? (what? why? what kind of?)

• नाम (nāma) - indeed, certainly (emphatic) (by name, indeed, certainly (emphatic particle))

• पौरुषम् (pauruṣam) - heroism (pauruṣam) (manliness, heroism, human strength, valor)

Words meanings and morphology

आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - one's own self (ātman) (the self, one's own self, soul, spirit, essence)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence, ego, life, breath

यः (yaḥ) - he who, someone who (who, which, he who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

समुद्बध्य (samudbadhya) - having bound firmly, having tied up completely

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root √bandh (to bind) with prefixes sam (completely, together) and ud (up, out), and suffix -ya

Prefixes: sam+ud

Root: bandh (class 9)

कण्ठे (kaṇṭhe) - by the neck (in the neck, on the neck)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kaṇṭha

kaṇṭha - neck, throat

बद्ध्वा (baddhvā) - having bound, having tied

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root √bandh (to bind)

Root: bandh (class 9)

महाशिलाम् (mahāśilām) - a great stone, a large rock

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mahāśilā

mahāśilā - a great stone, a large rock

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+śilā)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• śilā – stone, rock
  noun (feminine)

समुद्रम् (samudram) - the ocean, the sea

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of samudra

samudra - ocean, sea

प्रतरेत् (prataret) - should cross, might cross, would cross over

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of √tṝ

Optative

From root √tṝ (to cross) with prefix pra (forth, over)

Prefix: pra

Root: tṝ (class 1)

दोर्भ्याम् (dorbhyām) - using (two) arms (by (two) arms)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, dual of dor

dor - arm, hand

From the stem 'dos' (earlier 'dhanus' for bow, but also associated with 'bāhu' arm)

तत्र (tatra) - in such a case, then (there, in that case, then)

(indeclinable)

किम् (kim) - what kind of? (what? why? what kind of?)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what? which? why?

Note: Used here as an interrogative adjective for 'pauruṣam'

नाम (nāma) - indeed, certainly (emphatic) (by name, indeed, certainly (emphatic particle))

(indeclinable)

पौरुषम् (pauruṣam) - heroism (pauruṣam) (manliness, heroism, human strength, valor)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pauruṣa

pauruṣa - manliness, heroism, human strength, valor, virility

Derived from puruṣa (man, person)