महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-44, verse-10

एकेन हि त्वया कर्ण किं नामेह कृतं पुरा ।
एकैकेन यथा तेषां भूमिपाला वशीकृताः ॥१०॥

10. ekena hi tvayā karṇa kiṁ nāmeha kṛtaṁ purā ,
ekaikena yathā teṣāṁ bhūmipālā vaśīkṛtāḥ.

10. ekena hi tvayā karṇa kim nāma iha kṛtam purā
ekaikena yathā teṣām bhūmipālāḥ vaśīkṛtāḥ

10. O Karṇa, what indeed has been accomplished by you alone in this world previously? Consider how by each one of them (Arjuna and the other Pāṇḍavas), the kings of the earth were subdued.

Words meanings summery:

• एकेन (ekena) - by one person (Arjuna) (by one, by a single person)

• हि (hi) - indeed (emphatic) (indeed, surely, because)

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

• कर्ण (karṇa) - O Karṇa (vocative, addressing the warrior Karṇa) (Karṇa)

• किम् (kim) - what (as an interrogative) (what, why)

• नाम (nāma) - indeed (emphatic particle) (indeed, by name, truly)

• इह (iha) - in this world (here, in this world)

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - accomplished (done, made, accomplished)

• पुरा (purā) - previously (formerly, anciently, in the past)

• एकैकेन (ekaikena) - by each one, by each individual

• यथा (yathā) - just as, how (just as, in which way, as)

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them (the Pandavas/Arjuna) (of them, their)

• भूमिपालाः (bhūmipālāḥ) - kings, protectors of the earth

• वशीकृताः (vaśīkṛtāḥ) - subjugated (subdued, brought under control, brought to obedience)

Words meanings and morphology

एकेन (ekena) - by one person (Arjuna) (by one, by a single person)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, alone, single

हि (hi) - indeed (emphatic) (indeed, surely, because)

(indeclinable)

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

कर्ण (karṇa) - O Karṇa (vocative, addressing the warrior Karṇa) (Karṇa)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - ear; Karṇa (proper name)

किम् (kim) - what (as an interrogative) (what, why)

(interrogative pronoun)

नाम (nāma) - indeed (emphatic particle) (indeed, by name, truly)

(indeclinable)

While nāman is typically a noun meaning 'name', nāma can also function as an indeclinable particle for emphasis or doubt.

इह (iha) - in this world (here, in this world)

(indeclinable)

कृतम् (kṛtam) - accomplished (done, made, accomplished)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, accomplished; deed, action

past passive participle

Past passive participle of root kṛ (to do, make).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Functions here as a substantive.

पुरा (purā) - previously (formerly, anciently, in the past)

(indeclinable)

एकैकेन (ekaikena) - by each one, by each individual

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ekaika

ekaika - each one, each individual

Reduplication of eka for distributive meaning.

Compound type : avyayībhāva (eka+eka)

• eka – one, alone
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Refers to each of the Pandavas/Arjuna mentioned in prior verses.

यथा (yathā) - just as, how (just as, in which way, as)

(indeclinable)

Relates to tathā (thus, so).

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them (the Pandavas/Arjuna) (of them, their)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the contextually implied individuals (Arjuna and brothers).

भूमिपालाः (bhūmipālāḥ) - kings, protectors of the earth

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhūmipāla

bhūmipāla - king, ruler, protector of the earth (literally 'earth-protector')

Compound type : tatpurusha (bhūmi+pāla)

• bhūmi – earth, ground, land
  noun (feminine)
• pāla – protector, guardian
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  Derived from root pā (to protect)
  Root: pā (class 1)

Note: Subject of the clause bhūmipālā vaśīkṛtāḥ.

वशीकृताः (vaśīkṛtāḥ) - subjugated (subdued, brought under control, brought to obedience)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vaśīkṛta

vaśīkṛta - brought under control, subdued, mastered

past passive participle

Compound of vaśī (under control) and kṛta (done). Formed from vaśīkṛ (to bring under control) + kta suffix.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (vaśī+kṛta)

• vaśī – under control, subservient, mastered
  indeclinable
• kṛta – done, made
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of root kṛ (to do, make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with bhūmipālāḥ.