महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-44, verse-6

एकश्च पञ्च वर्षाणि ब्रह्मचर्यमधारयत् ।
एकः सुभद्रामारोप्य द्वैरथे कृष्णमाह्वयत् ।
अस्मिन्नेव वने कृष्णो हृतां कृष्णामवाजयत् ॥६॥

6. ekaśca pañca varṣāṇi brahmacaryamadhārayat ,
ekaḥ subhadrāmāropya dvairathe kṛṣṇamāhvayat ,
asminneva vane kṛṣṇo hṛtāṁ kṛṣṇāmavājayat.

6. ekaḥ ca pañca varṣāṇi brahmacaryam
adhārayat | ekaḥ subhadrām āropya
dvairathe kṛṣṇam āhvayat | asmin
eva vane kṛṣṇaḥ hṛtām kṛṣṇām avājayat

6. One (Arjuna) observed celibacy (brahmacarya) for five years. One (Arjuna), having placed Subhadrā (on his chariot), challenged Kṛṣṇa to a chariot-borne combat. In this very forest, Kṛṣṇa recovered the abducted Draupadī (Kṛṣṇā).

6. אחד החזיק בנדר פרישות חמש שנים. אחד, אחרי שהעלה את סוּבְּהַדְרָה על רכבו, קרא תיגר על קְרְשְׁנַה בדו קרב רכבים. ובאותו יער עצמו, אַרְג׳וּנַה הצליח להשיב את דְרַאוּפַּדִי (קְרְשְׁנָה) שנחטפה.

Words meanings summery:

• एकः (ekaḥ) - one (referring to Arjuna) (one, a certain one)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• पञ्च (pañca) - five

• वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years (years, rains)

• ब्रह्मचर्यम् (brahmacaryam) - celibacy (brahmacarya) (celibacy, student life, religious studentship)

• अधारयत् (adhārayat) - observed (he observed, he bore, he held)

• एकः (ekaḥ) - one (referring to Arjuna) (one, a certain one)

• सुभद्राम् (subhadrām) - Subhadrā (Subhadrā (a proper name))

• आरोप्य (āropya) - having placed (on his chariot, implied) (having caused to ascend, having placed upon, having attributed)

• द्वैरथे (dvairathe) - in a chariot-borne combat / duel (in a single combat, in a chariot duel)

• कृष्णम् (kṛṣṇam) - Kṛṣṇa (Kṛṣṇa (a proper name), dark, black)

• आह्वयत् (āhvayat) - challenged (he challenged, he called, he invoked)

• अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this

• एव (eva) - very, indeed (indeed, very, only, alone)

• वने (vane) - in this forest (in the forest, in the wood)

• कृष्णः (kṛṣṇaḥ) - Kṛṣṇa (Kṛṣṇa (a proper name), dark, black)

• हृताम् (hṛtām) - abducted (abducted, stolen, carried away (feminine))

• कृष्णाम् (kṛṣṇām) - Draupadī (Kṛṣṇā) (Draupadī (Kṛṣṇā), dark-skinned (feminine))

• अवाजयत् (avājayat) - recovered (he won back, he recovered, he conquered)

Words meanings and morphology

एकः (ekaḥ) - one (referring to Arjuna) (one, a certain one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, single, unique, a certain, alone

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

conjunction

पञ्च (pañca) - five

(numeral)

Note: Functions as an adjective for `varṣāṇi`.

वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years (years, rains)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of varṣa

varṣa - year, rain, monsoon, cloud

Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Accusative of duration.

ब्रह्मचर्यम् (brahmacaryam) - celibacy (brahmacarya) (celibacy, student life, religious studentship)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of brahmacarya

brahmacarya - religious studentship, celibacy, chaste life, continence

From `brahmacarin` + `ṣyañ` for abstract noun, or directly from `brahman` + `caryā`.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (brahman+carya)

• brahman – Vedic prayer, sacred word, the Absolute (brahman)
  noun (neuter)
• carya – to be practiced, conduct
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive
  From root `car` (to move, to practice) + `ṇyat` suffix.
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Object of `adhārayat`.

अधारयत् (adhārayat) - observed (he observed, he bore, he held)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of dhāraya

causative imperfect active 3rd singular

From root `dhṛ` (to hold, to bear) with causative `ṇic` and augment `a` for imperfect.

Root: dhṛ (class 10)

एकः (ekaḥ) - one (referring to Arjuna) (one, a certain one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, single, unique, a certain, alone

सुभद्राम् (subhadrām) - Subhadrā (Subhadrā (a proper name))

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of subhadrā

subhadrā - having good fortune, auspicious, Subhadrā (sister of Kṛṣṇa and wife of Arjuna)

Note: Object of `āropya`.

आरोप्य (āropya) - having placed (on his chariot, implied) (having caused to ascend, having placed upon, having attributed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root `ruh` (to rise, to ascend) with prefix `ā` and causative `ṇic` + `lyap` suffix.

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

द्वैरथे (dvairathe) - in a chariot-borne combat / duel (in a single combat, in a chariot duel)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of dvairatha

dvairatha - single combat (especially in chariots), duel of charioteers

Derived from `dvi` (two) + `ratha` (chariot), or `dvīratha` from `dvī` (two) and `ratha`, then `aṇ` suffix.

कृष्णम् (kṛṣṇam) - Kṛṣṇa (Kṛṣṇa (a proper name), dark, black)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṛṣṇa

kṛṣṇa - Kṛṣṇa (a proper name), dark, black, blue-black

Note: Object of `āhvayat`.

आह्वयत् (āhvayat) - challenged (he challenged, he called, he invoked)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of āhvā

imperfect active 3rd singular

From root `hvā` (to call) with prefix `ā` + augment `a` for imperfect.

Prefix: ā

Root: hvā (class 1)

अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun.

एव (eva) - very, indeed (indeed, very, only, alone)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

वने (vane) - in this forest (in the forest, in the wood)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove, thicket

Root: van (class 1)

कृष्णः (kṛṣṇaḥ) - Kṛṣṇa (Kṛṣṇa (a proper name), dark, black)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛṣṇa

kṛṣṇa - Kṛṣṇa (a proper name), dark, black, blue-black

Note: Subject of `avājayat`.

हृताम् (hṛtām) - abducted (abducted, stolen, carried away (feminine))

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of hṛta

hṛta - taken, carried off, stolen, abducted

Past Passive Participle

From root `hṛ` (to take, to carry off) + `kta` suffix.

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Used as an adjective for Draupadī.

कृष्णाम् (kṛṣṇām) - Draupadī (Kṛṣṇā) (Draupadī (Kṛṣṇā), dark-skinned (feminine))

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kṛṣṇā

kṛṣṇā - Draupadī (wife of the Pāṇḍavas), dark-skinned woman

Feminine form of `kṛṣṇa`.

Note: Object of `avājayat`.

अवाजयत् (avājayat) - recovered (he won back, he recovered, he conquered)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of avajī

imperfect active 3rd singular

From root `jī` (to conquer, to win) with prefix `ava` + augment `a` for imperfect.

Prefix: ava

Root: jī (class 1)

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