महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-44, verse-2

नया हि बहवः सन्ति शास्त्राण्याश्रित्य चिन्तिताः ।
तेषां युद्धं तु पापिष्ठं वेदयन्ति पुराविदः ॥२॥

2. nayā hi bahavaḥ santi śāstrāṇyāśritya cintitāḥ ,
teṣāṁ yuddhaṁ tu pāpiṣṭhaṁ vedayanti purāvidaḥ.

2. nayāḥ hi bahavaḥ santi śāstrāṇi āśritya cintitāḥ
teṣām yuddham tu pāpiṣṭham vedayanti purāvidaḥ

2. Indeed, many policies (naya) are devised by relying on the scriptures (śāstra). But among these, ancient scholars (purāvida) declare war to be the most sinful (pāpiṣṭha).

Words meanings summery:

• नयाः (nayāḥ) - policies, strategies, principles

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many

• सन्ति (santi) - are, exist

• शास्त्राणि (śāstrāṇi) - scriptures, treatises

• आश्रित्य (āśritya) - having relied upon, having resorted to

• चिन्तिताः (cintitāḥ) - thought about, considered, devised

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, among them

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - war, battle

• तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

• पापिष्ठम् (pāpiṣṭham) - most sinful, worst

• वेदयन्ति (vedayanti) - they declare, they make known

• पुराविदः (purāvidaḥ) - ancient scholars, those who know the past

Words meanings and morphology

नयाः (nayāḥ) - policies, strategies, principles

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of naya

naya - policy, conduct, leading, guiding, moral principle

Root: nī (class 1)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - many, much, abundant

Note: Agrees with nayāḥ.

सन्ति (santi) - are, exist

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of as

Third person plural present

Root verb as (2nd class, Parasmaipada)

Root: as (class 2)

शास्त्राणि (śāstrāṇi) - scriptures, treatises

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of śāstra

śāstra - scripture, treatise, rule, instruction, science

Note: Object of āśritya.

आश्रित्य (āśritya) - having relied upon, having resorted to

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

From root śri (1st class, Parasmaipada) with upasarga ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: śri (class 1)

चिन्तिताः (cintitāḥ) - thought about, considered, devised

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of cintita

cintita - thought, considered, contemplated

past passive participle

From root cint (10th class, Atmanepada) 'to think'.

Root: cint (class 10)

Note: Agrees with nayāḥ.

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, among them

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to 'nayāḥ' (policies).

युद्धम् (yuddham) - war, battle

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunctive particle, often contrastive.

पापिष्ठम् (pāpiṣṭham) - most sinful, worst

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pāpiṣṭha

pāpiṣṭha - most wicked, most evil, most sinful

superlative degree

From pāpin ('sinful') with suffix -iṣṭha for superlative.

Note: Agrees with yuddham. Predicative adjective.

वेदयन्ति (vedayanti) - they declare, they make known

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vid

Third person plural present causative

Causative stem of root vid (1st class, Parasmaipada).

Root: vid (class 1)

पुराविदः (purāvidaḥ) - ancient scholars, those who know the past

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of purāvid

purāvid - one who knows ancient history, an antiquarian, ancient scholar

Compound type : tatpurusha (purā+vid)

• purā – formerly, anciently, in the past
  indeclinable
• vid – knowing, one who knows, wise
  adjective (masculine)
  From root vid 'to know'.
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Subject of vedayanti.