महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-44, verse-19

सह युध्यामहे पार्थमागतं युद्धदुर्मदम् ।
सैन्यास्तिष्ठन्तु संनद्धा व्यूढानीकाः प्रहारिणः ॥१९॥

19. saha yudhyāmahe pārthamāgataṁ yuddhadurmadam ,
sainyāstiṣṭhantu saṁnaddhā vyūḍhānīkāḥ prahāriṇaḥ.

19. saha yudhyāmahe pārthaṃ āgataṃ yuddhadurmadam
sainyāḥ tiṣṭhantu sannaddhāḥ vyūḍhānīkāḥ prahāriṇaḥ

19. We shall fight alongside Arjuna (Pārtha), who has arrived, intoxicated with the fervor of battle. Let the armies stand ready, with their battle formations arrayed, prepared to strike.

Words meanings summery:

• सह (saha) - with, together with

• युध्यामहे (yudhyāmahe) - we shall fight, we fight

• पार्थं (pārthaṁ) - Refers to Arjuna. (Arjuna, son of Pṛthā)

• आगतं (āgataṁ) - arrived, come

• युद्धदुर्मदम् (yuddhadurmadam) - Qualifies Pārtha, who has arrived fiercely. (maddened by battle, intoxicated with war)

• सैन्याः (sainyāḥ) - Refers to the troops of the speaker. (soldiers, armies)

• तिष्ठन्तु (tiṣṭhantu) - let them stand, they should stand

• सन्नद्धाः (sannaddhāḥ) - Qualifies the soldiers/armies. (equipped, arrayed, ready for battle)

• व्यूढानीकाः (vyūḍhānīkāḥ) - Qualifies the soldiers/armies. (having arrayed their troops, with formed ranks)

• प्रहारिणः (prahāriṇaḥ) - Qualifies the soldiers/armies. (strikers, attackers, smiters)

Words meanings and morphology

सह (saha) - with, together with

(indeclinable)

Preposition/adverb, often takes instrumental case.

Note: Here it implies fighting *against* or *with regard to* Pārtha.

युध्यामहे (yudhyāmahe) - we shall fight, we fight

(verb)

1st person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of yudh

present/future tense (atm.)

From root yudh (to fight), 4th class, Ātmanepada. Used here as future.

Root: yudh (class 4)

पार्थं (pārthaṁ) - Refers to Arjuna. (Arjuna, son of Pṛthā)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - Arjuna, son of Pṛthā (Kuntī)

Derived from Pṛthā.

Note: Direct object of the fight.

आगतं (āgataṁ) - arrived, come

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āgata

āgata - arrived, come, approached, returned

Past Passive Participle

From prefix ā + root gam (to go).

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

युद्धदुर्मदम् (yuddhadurmadam) - Qualifies Pārtha, who has arrived fiercely. (maddened by battle, intoxicated with war)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yuddhadurmada

yuddhadurmada - maddened by battle, intoxicated with war, fierce in fight

Compound of 'yuddha' (battle) and 'durmada' (intoxicated, arrogant, maddened).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yuddha+durmada)

• yuddha – battle, fight, war
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle (from yudh)
  From root yudh (to fight).
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• durmada – intoxicated, arrogant, maddened, wild
  adjective (masculine)
  Compound of 'dur' (bad) and 'mada' (intoxication, pride).
  Prefix: dur

Note: Qualifies Pārtha.

सैन्याः (sainyāḥ) - Refers to the troops of the speaker. (soldiers, armies)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sainya

sainya - relating to an army, a soldier, troops

Derived from 'senā' (army).

Note: Subject of 'tiṣṭhantu'.

तिष्ठन्तु (tiṣṭhantu) - let them stand, they should stand

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperative (loṭ) of sthā

imperative mood

From root sthā (to stand), 1st class, Parasmaipada.

Root: sthā (class 1)

सन्नद्धाः (sannaddhāḥ) - Qualifies the soldiers/armies. (equipped, arrayed, ready for battle)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sannaddha

sannaddha - equipped, arrayed, ready for battle, prepared

Past Passive Participle

From prefix sam + nadh (to bind, tie, equip).

Prefix: sam

Root: nadh (class 1)

व्यूढानीकाः (vyūḍhānīkāḥ) - Qualifies the soldiers/armies. (having arrayed their troops, with formed ranks)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vyūḍhānīka

vyūḍhānīka - having arrayed their troops, with ranks formed, with a battle array

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'vyūḍha' (arrayed, drawn up) + 'anīka' (army, troop).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vyūḍha+anīka)

• vyūḍha – arrayed, drawn up, arranged
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From prefix vi + ūh (to push, arrange).
  Prefix: vi
  Root: ūh (class 1)
• anīka – army, host, troop, face, front
  noun (neuter)

प्रहारिणः (prahāriṇaḥ) - Qualifies the soldiers/armies. (strikers, attackers, smiters)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prahārin

prahārin - striker, attacker, smiter, one who deals a blow

Agent Noun

From prefix pra + root hṛ (to seize, carry, strike) with agent suffix -in.

Prefix: pra

Root: hṛ (class 1)