महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-40, verse-12

अर्जुन उवाच ।
भ्रातुर्नियोगाज्ज्येष्ठस्य संवत्सरमिदं व्रतम् ।
चरामि ब्रह्मचर्यं वै सत्यमेतद्ब्रवीमि ते ॥१२॥

12. arjuna uvāca ,
bhrāturniyogājjyeṣṭhasya saṁvatsaramidaṁ vratam ,
carāmi brahmacaryaṁ vai satyametadbravīmi te.

12. arjuna uvāca bhrātuḥ niyogāt jyeṣṭhasya saṃvatsaram idam
vratam carāmi brahmacaryam vai satyam etat bravīmi te

12. Arjuna said: "By the command of my eldest brother, I am observing this vow of celibacy (brahmacarya) for a year. Indeed, I tell you this truth."

Words meanings summery:

• अर्जुन (arjuna) - Arjuna (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• भ्रातुः (bhrātuḥ) - of a brother

• नियोगात् (niyogāt) - by command, by order, by appointment

• ज्येष्ठस्य (jyeṣṭhasya) - of the eldest (brother) (of the eldest, of the best)

• संवत्सरम् (saṁvatsaram) - for the duration of one year (year, for a year)

• इदम् (idam) - this

• व्रतम् (vratam) - vow, sacred observance, religious practice

• चरामि (carāmi) - I observe (this vow) (I observe, I perform, I wander, I move)

• ब्रह्मचर्यम् (brahmacaryam) - the vow of celibacy (brahmacarya) (celibacy, student life, pursuit of the Veda (brahman))

• वै (vai) - indeed, surely, verily

• सत्यम् (satyam) - truth, truly, real

• एतत् (etat) - this

• ब्रवीमि (bravīmi) - I tell, I speak

• ते (te) - to you

Words meanings and morphology

अर्जुन (arjuna) - Arjuna (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (one of the Pāṇḍavas), white, clear

Note: The speaker.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

भ्रातुः (bhrātuḥ) - of a brother

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

Note: Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira, Arjuna's eldest brother.

नियोगात् (niyogāt) - by command, by order, by appointment

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of niyoga

niyoga - command, injunction, appointment, duty

Derived from 'ni-' + 'yuj' (to join, appoint).

Prefix: ni

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Expresses the cause or source.

ज्येष्ठस्य (jyeṣṭhasya) - of the eldest (brother) (of the eldest, of the best)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of jyeṣṭha

jyeṣṭha - eldest, best, chief

Superlative degree of 'vṛddha' (old).

Note: Qualifies 'bhrātuḥ'.

संवत्सरम् (saṁvatsaram) - for the duration of one year (year, for a year)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃvatsara

saṁvatsara - year

Note: Accusative of duration.

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Demonstrative pronoun, qualifies 'vratam'.

व्रतम् (vratam) - vow, sacred observance, religious practice

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vrata

vrata - vow, sacred observance, religious practice, rule

Root: vṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'carāmi'.

चरामि (carāmi) - I observe (this vow) (I observe, I perform, I wander, I move)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of car

Root: car (class 1)

ब्रह्मचर्यम् (brahmacaryam) - the vow of celibacy (brahmacarya) (celibacy, student life, pursuit of the Veda (brahman))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of brahmacarya

brahmacarya - celibacy, religious student life, conduct according to the Vedas, pursuit of brahman

Compound of brahman (Veda, sacred knowledge, Absolute) and carya (conduct, practice).

Compound type : tatpurusha (brahman+carya)

• brahman – Veda, sacred knowledge, prayer, the Absolute (brahman)
  noun (neuter)
  Root: bṛh (class 1)
• carya – conduct, practice, observance
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive/Verbal noun
  From root 'car' (to move, behave).
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Object of 'carāmi'.

वै (vai) - indeed, surely, verily

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

सत्यम् (satyam) - truth, truly, real

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, real, true

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Object of 'bravīmi'.

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Demonstrative pronoun, qualifies 'satyam'.

ब्रवीमि (bravīmi) - I tell, I speak

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

ते (te) - to you

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of tvam

tvam - you (singular)

Note: Dative of 'tvam'.