महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-40, verse-1

उत्तर उवाच ।
आस्थाय विपुलं वीर रथं सारथिना मया ।
कतमं यास्यसेऽनीकमुक्तो यास्याम्यहं त्वया ॥१॥

1. uttara uvāca ,
āsthāya vipulaṁ vīra rathaṁ sārathinā mayā ,
katamaṁ yāsyase'nīkamukto yāsyāmyahaṁ tvayā.

1. uttara uvāca āsthāya vipulam vīra ratham sārathinā
mayā katamam yāsyase anīkam uktaḥ yāsyāmi aham tvayā

1. Uttara said: "O hero, having mounted this mighty chariot, with me as your charioteer, to which division (anīka) of the army will you proceed? I will drive as instructed by you."

Words meanings summery:

• उत्तर (uttara) - Uttara (name of the son of Virāṭa) (Uttara)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having mounted, having taken up, having assumed

• विपुलम् (vipulam) - vast, wide, mighty, extensive

• वीर (vīra) - O hero (vocative for Arjuna) (O hero, O brave one)

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot

• सारथिना (sārathinā) - by the charioteer

• मया (mayā) - by me

• कतमम् (katamam) - which one (of many)

• यास्यसे (yāsyase) - you will go, you will proceed

• अनीकम् (anīkam) - army, division of an army, host

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - having been said, having been spoken, instructed

• यास्यामि (yāsyāmi) - I will drive (the chariot) (I will go, I will drive)

• अहम् (aham) - I (referring to Uttara) (I)

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you (referring to Arjuna) (by you)

Words meanings and morphology

उत्तर (uttara) - Uttara (name of the son of Virāṭa) (Uttara)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of uttara

uttara - Uttara (proper name), north, later

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense form of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having mounted, having taken up, having assumed

(verb)

active, absolutive (ktvā) of sthā

absolutive

Absolutive form of √sthā with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Forms a compound verb with subsequent verb, meaning 'after mounting'.

विपुलम् (vipulam) - vast, wide, mighty, extensive

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vipula

vipula - vast, wide, extensive, mighty

Note: Agrees with 'ratham'.

वीर (vīra) - O hero (vocative for Arjuna) (O hero, O brave one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, brave man, warrior

रथम् (ratham) - chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Root: rath (class 1)

Note: Object of 'āsthāya'.

सारथिना (sārathinā) - by the charioteer

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sārathi

sārathi - charioteer, driver

Derived from 'saratha' (with chariot).

Root: rath

Note: Refers to Uttara himself.

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I

Instrumental singular of asmad

Note: Agrees with 'sārathinā'.

कतमम् (katamam) - which one (of many)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of katama

katama - which (of many), which one

Interrogative pronoun, accusative singular masculine/neuter

यास्यसे (yāsyase) - you will go, you will proceed

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, future (lṛṭ) of yā

Future tense form, second person singular, ātmanepada

Root: yā (class 2)

अनीकम् (anīkam) - army, division of an army, host

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anīka

anīka - army, array, division

Note: Object of 'yāsyase'.

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - having been said, having been spoken, instructed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - said, spoken, told, instructed

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'aham' (masculine form implied for the speaker, Uttara).

यास्यामि (yāsyāmi) - I will drive (the chariot) (I will go, I will drive)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of yā

Future tense form, first person singular, parasmaipada

Root: yā (class 2)

अहम् (aham) - I (referring to Uttara) (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I

Nominative singular of asmad

त्वया (tvayā) - by you (referring to Arjuna) (by you)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Instrumental singular of yuṣmad

Note: Agent of the implied passive action 'uktaḥ' (instructed by you).