महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-13, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
वसमानेषु पार्थेषु मत्स्यस्य नगरे तदा ।
महारथेषु छन्नेषु मासा दश समत्ययुः ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
vasamāneṣu pārtheṣu matsyasya nagare tadā ,
mahāratheṣu channeṣu māsā daśa samatyayuḥ.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca | vasamāneṣu pārtheṣu matsyasya
nagare tadā | mahāratheṣu channeṣu māsāḥ daśa samatyayuḥ

1. Vaiśaṃpāyana said: As the Pārthas, those great warriors (mahārathas), were dwelling disguised in the city of Matsya at that time, ten months elapsed.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśaṃpāyana (name of a sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• वसमानेषु (vasamāneṣu) - while dwelling, residing

• पार्थेषु (pārtheṣu) - among the Pārthas (sons of Pṛthā, i.e., the Pāṇḍavas)

• मत्स्यस्य (matsyasya) - of Matsya (the kingdom or its king)

• नगरे (nagare) - in the city

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• महारथेषु (mahāratheṣu) - among the great warriors (mahārathas)

• छन्नेषु (channeṣu) - disguised, concealed, hidden

• मासाः (māsāḥ) - months

• दश (daśa) - ten

• समत्त्ययुः (samattyayuḥ) - passed, elapsed

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśaṃpāyana (name of a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśaṃpāyana (a sage, disciple of Vyāsa)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of uvāca

Perfect form of root √vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

वसमानेषु (vasamāneṣu) - while dwelling, residing

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of vasamāna

vasamāna - dwelling, residing

present participle (ātmanepada)

From root √vas (to dwell) with ātmanepada suffix -āna

Root: vas (class 1)

पार्थेषु (pārtheṣu) - among the Pārthas (sons of Pṛthā, i.e., the Pāṇḍavas)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), a Pāṇḍava prince

Derived from Pṛthā

मत्स्यस्य (matsyasya) - of Matsya (the kingdom or its king)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of matsya

matsya - fish, a kingdom/people, its king (Virāṭa's kingdom)

नगरे (nagare) - in the city

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of nagara

nagara - city, town

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

महारथेषु (mahāratheṣu) - among the great warriors (mahārathas)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - a great warrior, one with a great chariot

Compound type : karmadharaya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, car, warrior (often by extension)
  noun (masculine)

छन्नेषु (channeṣu) - disguised, concealed, hidden

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of channa

channa - covered, concealed, hidden, disguised

past passive participle

From root √chad (to cover)

Root: chad (class 1)

मासाः (māsāḥ) - months

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of māsa

māsa - month

दश (daśa) - ten

(numeral)

समत्त्ययुः (samattyayuḥ) - passed, elapsed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of samati

From root √i (to go) with prefixes sam- and ati-

Prefixes: sam+ati

Root: i (class 2)