महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-92, verse-5

मया हि दृष्टा दैतेया दानवाश्च महीपते ।
वर्धमाना ह्यधर्मेण क्षयं चोपगताः पुनः ॥५॥

5. mayā hi dṛṣṭā daiteyā dānavāśca mahīpate ,
vardhamānā hyadharmeṇa kṣayaṁ copagatāḥ punaḥ.

5. mayā hi dṛṣṭā daiteyāḥ dānavāḥ ca mahīpate
vardhamānāḥ hi adharmeṇa kṣayam ca upagatāḥ punaḥ

5. Indeed, O King, I have seen the Daityas and Dānavas who, though flourishing through unrighteousness (adharma), were again brought to destruction.

Words meanings summery:

• मया (mayā) - by me

• हि (hi) - Emphasizing the certainty of the statement. (indeed, surely, for)

• दृष्टा (dṛṣṭā) - seen

• दैतेयाः (daiteyāḥ) - Sons of Diti, a class of powerful demons, rivals of the gods. (Daityas (a race of demons))

• दानवाः (dānavāḥ) - Descendants of Danu, another class of demons often allied with Daityas. (Dānavas (a race of demons))

• च (ca) - and

• महीपते (mahīpate) - Addressing King Yudhiṣṭhira. (O King, O lord of the earth)

• वर्धमानाः (vardhamānāḥ) - Refers to the Daityas and Dānavas who were growing/flourishing. (growing, flourishing, increasing)

• हि (hi) - Emphasizing their flourishing despite their nature. (indeed, surely)

• अधर्मेण (adharmeṇa) - by unrighteousness, through unrighteousness

• क्षयम् (kṣayam) - destruction, end, loss

• च (ca) - and

• उपगताः (upagatāḥ) - reached, attained, met with

• पुनः (punaḥ) - indicating a repetition or a counter-outcome (again, anew, but)

Words meanings and morphology

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Agent in passive construction 'by me were seen'.

हि (hi) - Emphasizing the certainty of the statement. (indeed, surely, for)

(indeclinable)

दृष्टा (dṛṣṭā) - seen

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of dṛṣṭa

dṛṣṭa - seen, observed, perceived

Past Passive Participle

From root dṛś (to see) + suffix -ta

Root: dṛś (class 1)

दैतेयाः (daiteyāḥ) - Sons of Diti, a class of powerful demons, rivals of the gods. (Daityas (a race of demons))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of daiteya

daiteya - son of Diti; a class of demons, giant

Patronymic from Diti.

Note: Subject in passive construction ('were seen').

दानवाः (dānavāḥ) - Descendants of Danu, another class of demons often allied with Daityas. (Dānavas (a race of demons))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dānava

dānava - descendant of Danu; a class of demons, giant

Patronymic from Danu.

Note: Subject in passive construction, coordinated with 'daiteyāḥ'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

महीपते (mahīpate) - Addressing King Yudhiṣṭhira. (O King, O lord of the earth)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahīpati

mahīpati - lord of the earth, king

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (mahī+pati)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• pati – lord, master, owner, husband
  noun (masculine)

वर्धमानाः (vardhamānāḥ) - Refers to the Daityas and Dānavas who were growing/flourishing. (growing, flourishing, increasing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vardhamāna

vardhamāna - growing, increasing, flourishing, prospering

Present Participle (Ātmanepada)

From root vṛdh (1st class) + śānac suffix, masculine plural nominative

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

हि (hi) - Emphasizing their flourishing despite their nature. (indeed, surely)

(indeclinable)

Note: Repeated, adds emphasis.

अधर्मेण (adharmeṇa) - by unrighteousness, through unrighteousness

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, unconstitutionality, vice, injustice

Negation of dharma (natural law, righteousness)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (na+dharma)

• na – not
  indeclinable
• dharma – natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

क्षयम् (kṣayam) - destruction, end, loss

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṣaya

kṣaya - destruction, end, loss, decay, ruin

Root: kṣi (class 5)

Note: Object of 'upagatāḥ'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

उपगताः (upagatāḥ) - reached, attained, met with

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of upagata

upagata - approached, gone near, attained, met with, undergone

Past Passive Participle

From root gam (to go) with prefix upa + suffix -ta, masculine plural nominative

Prefix: upa

Root: gam (class 1)

पुनः (punaḥ) - indicating a repetition or a counter-outcome (again, anew, but)

(indeclinable)