महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-92, verse-4

वर्धत्यधर्मेण नरस्ततो भद्राणि पश्यति ।
ततः सपत्नाञ्जयति समूलस्तु विनश्यति ॥४॥

4. vardhatyadharmeṇa narastato bhadrāṇi paśyati ,
tataḥ sapatnāñjayati samūlastu vinaśyati.

4. vardhati adharmeṇa naraḥ tataḥ bhadrāṇi paśyati
tataḥ sapatnān jayati samūlaḥ tu vinaśyati

4. A man prospers through unrighteousness (adharma) and then experiences good fortunes. Then he conquers his rivals, but ultimately he is destroyed root and branch.

Words meanings summery:

• वर्धति (vardhati) - he grows, he prospers

• अधर्मेण (adharmeṇa) - by unrighteousness, through unrighteousness

• नरः (naraḥ) - man, person

• ततः (tataḥ) - indicates sequence of events (then, thence, afterwards)

• भद्राणि (bhadrāṇi) - good things, auspicious things, fortunes

• पश्यति (paśyati) - he sees, he perceives, he experiences

• ततः (tataḥ) - indicates sequence of events (then, thence, afterwards)

• सपत्नान् (sapatnān) - rivals, enemies

• जयति (jayati) - he conquers, he wins

• समूलः (samūlaḥ) - completely, entirely, utterly (with roots, root and branch, completely)

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, however

• विनश्यति (vinaśyati) - he perishes, he is destroyed

Words meanings and morphology

वर्धति (vardhati) - he grows, he prospers

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vṛdh

Present Active

Root vṛdh (1st class, Parasmaipada, although usually Ātmanepada) 3rd person singular

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

अधर्मेण (adharmeṇa) - by unrighteousness, through unrighteousness

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, unconstitutionality, vice, injustice

Negation of dharma (natural law, righteousness)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (na+dharma)

• na – not
  indeclinable
• dharma – natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

नरः (naraḥ) - man, person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, person, male, human being

Note: Subject of 'vardhati' and 'paśyati'.

ततः (tataḥ) - indicates sequence of events (then, thence, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

भद्राणि (bhadrāṇi) - good things, auspicious things, fortunes

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of bhadra

bhadra - auspicious, fortunate, good, prosperous; good things, welfare

Note: Object of 'paśyati'.

पश्यति (paśyati) - he sees, he perceives, he experiences

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of dṛś

Present Active

Root dṛś (1st class) 3rd person singular, irregular stem paśya-

Root: dṛś (class 1)

ततः (tataḥ) - indicates sequence of events (then, thence, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

Note: Repeated for emphasis on sequence.

सपत्नान् (sapatnān) - rivals, enemies

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sapatna

sapatna - rival, enemy, antagonist

Note: Object of 'jayati'.

जयति (jayati) - he conquers, he wins

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of ji

Present Active

Root ji (1st class) 3rd person singular

Root: ji (class 1)

समूलः (samūlaḥ) - completely, entirely, utterly (with roots, root and branch, completely)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samūla

samūla - having roots, with roots, rooted; complete, entire, thorough

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+mūla)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• mūla – root, origin, basis, foundation
  noun (neuter)

Note: Predicate adjective, implicitly referring to 'naraḥ'.

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, however

(indeclinable)

विनश्यति (vinaśyati) - he perishes, he is destroyed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vināś

Present Active

Root naś (4th class) with prefix vi-, 3rd person singular

Prefix: vi

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: The prefix 'vi-' often indicates separation, dissolution, or thoroughness.