महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-92, verse-4

वर्धत्यधर्मेण नरस्ततो भद्राणि पश्यति ।
ततः सपत्नाञ्जयति समूलस्तु विनश्यति ॥४॥

4. vardhatyadharmeṇa narastato bhadrāṇi paśyati ,
tataḥ sapatnāñjayati samūlastu vinaśyati.

4. vardhati adharmeṇa naraḥ tataḥ bhadrāṇi paśyati
tataḥ sapatnān jayati samūlaḥ tu vinaśyati

4. A man prospers through unrighteousness (adharma) and then experiences good fortunes. Then he conquers his rivals, but ultimately he is destroyed root and branch.

4. אדם משגשג בעוול, אחר כך הוא רואה טוב, אחר כך הוא מנצח את יריביו, ובסוף הוא נחרב מהשורש.

Words meanings summery:

• वर्धति (vardhati) - he grows, he prospers

• अधर्मेण (adharmeṇa) - by unrighteousness, through unrighteousness

• नरः (naraḥ) - man, person

• ततः (tataḥ) - indicates sequence of events (then, thence, afterwards)

• भद्राणि (bhadrāṇi) - good things, auspicious things, fortunes

• पश्यति (paśyati) - he sees, he perceives, he experiences

• ततः (tataḥ) - indicates sequence of events (then, thence, afterwards)

• सपत्नान् (sapatnān) - rivals, enemies

• जयति (jayati) - he conquers, he wins

• समूलः (samūlaḥ) - completely, entirely, utterly (with roots, root and branch, completely)

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, however

• विनश्यति (vinaśyati) - he perishes, he is destroyed

Words meanings and morphology

वर्धति (vardhati) - he grows, he prospers

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vṛdh

Present Active

Root vṛdh (1st class, Parasmaipada, although usually Ātmanepada) 3rd person singular

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

अधर्मेण (adharmeṇa) - by unrighteousness, through unrighteousness

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, unconstitutionality, vice, injustice

Negation of dharma (natural law, righteousness)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (na+dharma)

• na – not
  indeclinable
• dharma – natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

नरः (naraḥ) - man, person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, person, male, human being

Note: Subject of 'vardhati' and 'paśyati'.

ततः (tataḥ) - indicates sequence of events (then, thence, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

भद्राणि (bhadrāṇi) - good things, auspicious things, fortunes

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of bhadra

bhadra - auspicious, fortunate, good, prosperous; good things, welfare

Note: Object of 'paśyati'.

पश्यति (paśyati) - he sees, he perceives, he experiences

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of dṛś

Present Active

Root dṛś (1st class) 3rd person singular, irregular stem paśya-

Root: dṛś (class 1)

ततः (tataḥ) - indicates sequence of events (then, thence, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

Note: Repeated for emphasis on sequence.

सपत्नान् (sapatnān) - rivals, enemies

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sapatna

sapatna - rival, enemy, antagonist

Note: Object of 'jayati'.

जयति (jayati) - he conquers, he wins

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of ji

Present Active

Root ji (1st class) 3rd person singular

Root: ji (class 1)

समूलः (samūlaḥ) - completely, entirely, utterly (with roots, root and branch, completely)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samūla

samūla - having roots, with roots, rooted; complete, entire, thorough

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+mūla)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• mūla – root, origin, basis, foundation
  noun (neuter)

Note: Predicate adjective, implicitly referring to 'naraḥ'.

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, however

(indeclinable)

विनश्यति (vinaśyati) - he perishes, he is destroyed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vināś

Present Active

Root naś (4th class) with prefix vi-, 3rd person singular

Prefix: vi

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: The prefix 'vi-' often indicates separation, dissolution, or thoroughness.

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