महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-92, verse-2

परांश्च निर्गुणान्मन्ये न च धर्मरतानपि ।
ते च लोमश लोकेऽस्मिन्नृध्यन्ते केन केतुना ॥२॥

2. parāṁśca nirguṇānmanye na ca dharmaratānapi ,
te ca lomaśa loke'sminnṛdhyante kena ketunā.

2. parān ca nirguṇān manye na ca dharmaratān api
te ca lomaśa loke asmin ṛdhyante kena ketunā

2. And I consider others to be devoid of virtues, not even devoted to natural law (dharma). Yet, O Lomaśa, by what mark do they prosper in this world?

Words meanings summery:

• परान् (parān) - others (referring to those who prosper despite being unvirtuous) (others, rivals, enemies)

• च (ca) - and

• निर्गुणान् (nirguṇān) - devoid of virtues (devoid of qualities/virtues, unmeritorious)

• मन्ये (manye) - I think, I consider, I believe

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and

• धर्मरतान् (dharmaratān) - devoted to natural law (dharma) (devoted to righteousness/natural law)

• अपि (api) - even (also, even, too)

• ते (te) - they (referring to the 'others' mentioned previously) (they)

• च (ca) - yet (indicating contrast) (and)

• लोमश (lomaśa) - O Lomasha

• लोके (loke) - in this world (in the world, in the universe)

• अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this (world) (in this (masculine/neuter locative singular))

• ऋध्यन्ते (ṛdhyante) - they prosper, they flourish

• केन (kena) - by what means (by what, by which)

• केतुना (ketunā) - by what mark (of fate/virtue) (by a sign, by a banner, by a mark, by means)

Words meanings and morphology

परान् (parān) - others (referring to those who prosper despite being unvirtuous) (others, rivals, enemies)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of para

para - other, alien, foreign, supreme, hostile

Note: Object of `manye`.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

निर्गुणान् (nirguṇān) - devoid of virtues (devoid of qualities/virtues, unmeritorious)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of nirguṇa

nirguṇa - without qualities, devoid of virtues, unmeritorious, faultless

`nis` (without) + `guṇa` (quality, virtue)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (nis+guṇa)

• nis – out, forth, without, negation
  indeclinable
• guṇa – quality, virtue, attribute, constituent of nature
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies `parān`.

मन्ये (manye) - I think, I consider, I believe

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of man

Present (Laṭ)

1st person singular, middle voice (ātmanepada).

Root: man (class 4)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation particle.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

धर्मरतान् (dharmaratān) - devoted to natural law (dharma) (devoted to righteousness/natural law)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dharmarata

dharmarata - devoted to righteousness, delighting in virtue/duty/natural law

`dharma` (natural law, righteousness) + `rata` (delighted in, devoted to).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+rata)

• dharma – natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rata – delighted, pleased, devoted, fond of
  adjective (masculine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root `ram` (to delight, be pleased).
  Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Modifies `parān` (implied).

अपि (api) - even (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

ते (te) - they (referring to the 'others' mentioned previously) (they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it, they

Note: Subject of `ṛdhyante`.

च (ca) - yet (indicating contrast) (and)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction, here with a contrastive sense ('yet').

लोमश (lomaśa) - O Lomasha

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of lomaśa

lomaśa - Lomasha (proper name of a sage)

Note: Address to Sage Lomaśa.

लोके (loke) - in this world (in the world, in the universe)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, universe, people, sphere, realm

Root: lok (class 1)

अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this (world) (in this (masculine/neuter locative singular))

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Modifies `loke`.

ऋध्यन्ते (ṛdhyante) - they prosper, they flourish

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of ṛdh

Present (Laṭ)

3rd person plural, middle voice (ātmanepada).

Root: ṛdh (class 4)

केन (kena) - by what means (by what, by which)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which (interrogative pronoun)

केतुना (ketunā) - by what mark (of fate/virtue) (by a sign, by a banner, by a mark, by means)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ketu

ketu - sign, mark, banner, flag, standard, token, means

Root: kit (class 1)