महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-92, verse-3

लोमश उवाच ।
नात्र दुःखं त्वया राजन्कार्यं पार्थ कथंचन ।
यदधर्मेण वर्धेरन्नधर्मरुचयो जनाः ॥३॥

3. lomaśa uvāca ,
nātra duḥkhaṁ tvayā rājankāryaṁ pārtha kathaṁcana ,
yadadharmeṇa vardherannadharmarucayo janāḥ.

3. lomaśaḥ uvāca na atra duḥkham tvayā rājan kāryam pārtha
kathaṃcana yat adharmeṇa vardheran adharmarucayaḥ janāḥ

3. Lomasa said: 'O King, O son of Pṛthā, you should not feel any sorrow here in any way, because people whose inclination is towards unrighteousness (adharma) may indeed prosper through unrighteousness (adharma).'

Words meanings summery:

• लोमशः (lomaśaḥ) - The sage Lomasa (Lomasa (name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

• न (na) - not, no

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, suffering, pain

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

• राजन् (rājan) - Addressing King Yudhiṣṭhira (O King)

• कार्यम् (kāryam) - sorrow should be felt or experienced (should be done, to be made, should be felt)

• पार्थ (pārtha) - Addressing Yudhiṣṭhira, son of Kuntī (Pṛthā) (O son of Pṛthā)

• कथंचन (kathaṁcana) - in any way, by any means, at all

• यत् (yat) - introducing a causal clause (because, since, that which)

• अधर्मेण (adharmeṇa) - by unrighteousness, through unrighteousness

• वर्धेरन् (vardheran) - they may grow, they may prosper

• अधर्मरुचयः (adharmarucayaḥ) - whose inclination is towards unrighteousness, delighting in unrighteousness

• जनाः (janāḥ) - people, persons

Words meanings and morphology

लोमशः (lomaśaḥ) - The sage Lomasa (Lomasa (name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of lomaśa

lomaśa - hairy, shaggy; name of a sage

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Perfect 3rd person singular, root vac (2nd class irregular)

Root: vac (class 2)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter

(indeclinable)

Locative of 'idam' (this) formed as an adverb.

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, suffering, pain

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, pain, suffering, distress

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuşmad

yuşmad - you

राजन् (rājan) - Addressing King Yudhiṣṭhira (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

कार्यम् (kāryam) - sorrow should be felt or experienced (should be done, to be made, should be felt)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kārya

kārya - to be done, to be made, work, duty

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

From root kṛ (to do, make) + suffix -ya

Root: kṛ (class 8)

पार्थ (pārtha) - Addressing Yudhiṣṭhira, son of Kuntī (Pṛthā) (O son of Pṛthā)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā, Kuntī; name for Arjuna, Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīma

Derived from Pṛthā (Kuntī) with a patronymic suffix.

कथंचन (kathaṁcana) - in any way, by any means, at all

(indeclinable)

यत् (yat) - introducing a causal clause (because, since, that which)

(indeclinable)

From pronominal stem 'ya-'

अधर्मेण (adharmeṇa) - by unrighteousness, through unrighteousness

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, unconstitutionality, vice, injustice

Negation of dharma (natural law, righteousness)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (na+dharma)

• na – not
  indeclinable
• dharma – natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

वर्धेरन् (vardheran) - they may grow, they may prosper

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, optative (liṅ) of vṛdh

Optative Active

Root vṛdh (1st class, Ātmanepada in optative) 3rd person plural

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

अधर्मरुचयः (adharmarucayaḥ) - whose inclination is towards unrighteousness, delighting in unrighteousness

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of adharmaruci

adharmaruci - inclination towards unrighteousness, delighting in unrighteousness

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (adharma+ruci)

• adharma – unrighteousness, unconstitutionality
  noun (masculine)
• ruci – light, splendor; taste, relish, inclination, delight
  noun (feminine)
  Root: ruc (class 1)

Note: It functions as an adjective describing 'janāḥ'.

जनाः (janāḥ) - people, persons

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jana

jana - person, man, people, creature

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'vardheran'.