महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-78, verse-22

तं श्रुत्वा पाण्डवो राजंस्तप्यमानं महावने ।
अन्वशोचत कौन्तेयः प्रियं वै भ्रातरं जयम् ॥२२॥

22. taṁ śrutvā pāṇḍavo rājaṁstapyamānaṁ mahāvane ,
anvaśocata kaunteyaḥ priyaṁ vai bhrātaraṁ jayam.

22. tam śrutvā pāṇḍavaḥ rājan tapyamānam mahāvane
anvaśocata kaunteyaḥ priyam vai bhrātaram jayam

22. O King, when the son of Kuntī (Kaunteya) Yudhiṣṭhira heard that his dear brother Jaya (Arjuna) was performing austerities (tapas) in the great forest, he grieved for him.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (Arjuna) (him, that)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (son of Pāṇḍu)

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• तप्यमानम् (tapyamānam) - performing austerities (performing austerities, being tormented, heating oneself)

• महावने (mahāvane) - in the great forest

• अन्वशोचत (anvaśocata) - grieved, mourned for

• कौन्तेयः (kaunteyaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (son of Kuntī)

• प्रियम् (priyam) - dear, beloved

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly (emphatic particle)

• भ्रातरम् (bhrātaram) - brother

• जयम् (jayam) - Arjuna (Jaya) (Jaya (name of Arjuna), victory)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (Arjuna) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Arjuna

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

absolutive

From root śru with suffix -tvā

Root: śru (class 5)

पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (son of Pāṇḍu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, a Pāṇḍava

Derived from Pāṇḍu

Note: Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira, the subject of grieving

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king

Note: Addressing King Janamejaya

तप्यमानम् (tapyamānam) - performing austerities (performing austerities, being tormented, heating oneself)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tapyamāna

tapyamāna - performing austerities, being heated/tormented

Present Passive Participle

From root tap, passive voice, with suffix -māna

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'tam' (Arjuna)

महावने (mahāvane) - in the great forest

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of mahāvana

mahāvana - great forest

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+vana)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective (feminine)
• vana – forest, wood
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to the location

अन्वशोचत (anvaśocata) - grieved, mourned for

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of śuc

Imperfect, ātmanepada

Prefix: anu

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: From anu + √śuc

कौन्तेयः (kaunteyaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (son of Kuntī)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaunteya

kaunteya - son of Kuntī, a Pāṇḍava

Derived from Kuntī

Note: Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira, the subject of grieving

प्रियम् (priyam) - dear, beloved

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of priya

priya - dear, beloved, favorite

Note: Qualifies bhrātaram and jayam

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly (emphatic particle)

(indeclinable)

भ्रातरम् (bhrātaram) - brother

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

Note: Object of grieving

जयम् (jayam) - Arjuna (Jaya) (Jaya (name of Arjuna), victory)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jaya

jaya - Jaya (a name of Arjuna), victory

Note: Refers to Arjuna