महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-78, verse-18

बृहदश्वे गते पार्थमश्रौषीत्सव्यसाचिनम् ।
वर्तमानं तपस्युग्रे वायुभक्षं मनीषिणम् ॥१८॥

18. bṛhadaśve gate pārthamaśrauṣītsavyasācinam ,
vartamānaṁ tapasyugre vāyubhakṣaṁ manīṣiṇam.

18. bṛhadaśve gate pārtham aśrauṣīt savyasācinam
vartamānam tapasi ugre vāyubhakṣam manīṣiṇam

18. When Bṛhadaśva had departed, he heard about Pārtha (Arjuna), also known as Savyasācin, the wise (manīṣin) one, who was engaged in severe penance (tapas), subsisting only on air.

Words meanings summery:

• बृहदश्वे (bṛhadaśve) - when Bṛhadaśva (in Bṛhadaśva, concerning Bṛhadaśva)

• गते (gate) - when he had gone, after his departure (gone, departed)

• पार्थम् (pārtham) - about Pārtha (Arjuna) (to Pārtha, about Pārtha (Arjuna))

• अश्रौषीत् (aśrauṣīt) - he heard (about) (he heard, he listened)

• सव्यसाचिनम् (savyasācinam) - Savyasācin (ambidextrous), an epithet of Arjuna (ambidextrous, one who can shoot with the left hand)

• वर्तमानम् (vartamānam) - being engaged in (being, existing, engaged in)

• तपसि (tapasi) - in penance (tapas) (in penance, in austerity)

• उग्रे (ugre) - severe (severe, fierce, terrible)

• वायुभक्षम् (vāyubhakṣam) - subsisting on air (subsisting on air, air-eater)

• मनीषिणम् (manīṣiṇam) - the wise (manīṣin) one (wise, intelligent, contemplative)

Words meanings and morphology

बृहदश्वे (bṛhadaśve) - when Bṛhadaśva (in Bṛhadaśva, concerning Bṛhadaśva)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of bṛhadaśva

bṛhadaśva - name of a sage, Bṛhadaśva

Compound type : bahuvrihi (bṛhat+aśva)

• bṛhat – great, large
  adjective
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction.

गते (gate) - when he had gone, after his departure (gone, departed)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, departed, arrived at

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root 'gam'

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction with 'bṛhadaśve'.

पार्थम् (pārtham) - about Pārtha (Arjuna) (to Pārtha, about Pārtha (Arjuna))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), Arjuna

Derived from Pṛthā

Note: Object of 'aśrauṣīt'.

अश्रौषीत् (aśrauṣīt) - he heard (about) (he heard, he listened)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of śru

Root 'śru' (class 5)

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: The implied subject is Bṛhadaśva in the context.

सव्यसाचिनम् (savyasācinam) - Savyasācin (ambidextrous), an epithet of Arjuna (ambidextrous, one who can shoot with the left hand)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of savyasācin

savyasācin - ambidextrous; one who can use both hands equally well (esp. in archery)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (savya+sācin)

• savya – left
  adjective
• sācin – shooter, user
  adjective (masculine)
  Often understood as 'one who shoots' or 'one who uses' (the left hand).

Note: Adjective qualifying 'pārtham'.

वर्तमानम् (vartamānam) - being engaged in (being, existing, engaged in)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vartamāna

vartamāna - present, existing, engaged in

Present Active Participle

Present Active Participle of root 'vṛt' (class 1)

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Adjective qualifying 'pārtham'.

तपसि (tapasi) - in penance (tapas) (in penance, in austerity)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - penance, austerity, spiritual fervor

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Locative case indicating the state or activity Pārtha was engaged in.

उग्रे (ugre) - severe (severe, fierce, terrible)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of ugra

ugra - severe, fierce, mighty, formidable

Note: Adjective qualifying 'tapasi'.

वायुभक्षम् (vāyubhakṣam) - subsisting on air (subsisting on air, air-eater)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vāyubhakṣa

vāyubhakṣa - subsisting on air, living on air

Compound type : tatpurusha (vāyu+bhakṣa)

• vāyu – wind, air
  noun (masculine)
• bhakṣa – food, eating, feeder
  noun (masculine)
  Root: bhakṣ (class 10)

Note: Adjective qualifying 'pārtham'.

मनीषिणम् (manīṣiṇam) - the wise (manīṣin) one (wise, intelligent, contemplative)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of manīṣin

manīṣin - wise, intelligent, thoughtful, contemplative

Note: Adjective qualifying 'pārtham'.