महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-78, verse-20

इति पार्थो महाबाहुर्दुरापं तप आस्थितः ।
न तथा दृष्टपूर्वोऽन्यः कश्चिदुग्रतपा इति ॥२०॥

20. iti pārtho mahābāhurdurāpaṁ tapa āsthitaḥ ,
na tathā dṛṣṭapūrvo'nyaḥ kaścidugratapā iti.

20. iti pārthaḥ mahābāhuḥ durāpam tapaḥ āsthitaḥ na
tathā dṛṣṭapūrvaḥ anyaḥ kaścit ugratapāḥ iti

20. Thus, Pārtha (Arjuna), the mighty-armed one (mahābāhu), undertook a penance (tapas) that was difficult to achieve. Indeed, no one else of such fierce penance (ugratapas) had ever been seen before.

Words meanings summery:

• इति (iti) - thus, in this manner (thus, in this manner, so)

• पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Pārtha (Arjuna) (Pārtha, son of Pṛthā)

• महाबाहुः (mahābāhuḥ) - the mighty-armed (mahābāhu) one (mighty-armed, strong-armed)

• दुरापम् (durāpam) - difficult to achieve (difficult to obtain, hard to reach, arduous)

• तपः (tapaḥ) - penance (tapas) (penance, austerity)

• आस्थितः (āsthitaḥ) - undertook, engaged in (situated, resorted to, undertaken)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• तथा (tathā) - so, like that (thus, so, in that manner)

• दृष्टपूर्वः (dṛṣṭapūrvaḥ) - seen before (seen before, previously seen)

• अन्यः (anyaḥ) - anyone else (other, another, anyone else)

• कश्चित् (kaścit) - anyone (someone, anyone, a certain one)

• उग्रतपाः (ugratapāḥ) - of such fierce penance (ugratapas) (of fierce penance, severe ascetic)

• इति (iti) - thus (concluding statement) (thus, so, end of quote)

Words meanings and morphology

इति (iti) - thus, in this manner (thus, in this manner, so)

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the beginning of a summary or description.

पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Pārtha (Arjuna) (Pārtha, son of Pṛthā)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), Arjuna

Derived from Pṛthā

Note: Subject of the sentence.

महाबाहुः (mahābāhuḥ) - the mighty-armed (mahābāhu) one (mighty-armed, strong-armed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahābāhu

mahābāhu - mighty-armed, strong-armed, a hero

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+bāhu)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'pārthaḥ'.

दुरापम् (durāpam) - difficult to achieve (difficult to obtain, hard to reach, arduous)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of durāpa

durāpa - difficult to obtain, hard to reach, arduous

From 'dus' (bad, difficult) + 'āpa' (attainable, from 'āp' root)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dur+āpa)

• dur – difficult, bad, hard
  indeclinable
• āpa – attainable, reach, obtainment
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/derivative
  From root 'āp'
  Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Qualifies 'tapaḥ'.

तपः (tapaḥ) - penance (tapas) (penance, austerity)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - penance, austerity, spiritual fervor

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Direct object of 'āsthitaḥ' (undertook).

आस्थितः (āsthitaḥ) - undertook, engaged in (situated, resorted to, undertaken)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āsthita

āsthita - resorted to, standing on, engaged in

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root 'sthā' (class 1), prefixed with 'ā'

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'pārthaḥ'.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation.

तथा (tathā) - so, like that (thus, so, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

From pronominal base 'tad' + suffix 'thā'

दृष्टपूर्वः (dṛṣṭapūrvaḥ) - seen before (seen before, previously seen)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dṛṣṭapūrva

dṛṣṭapūrva - seen before, previously seen

Compound type : tatpurusha (dṛṣṭa+pūrva)

• dṛṣṭa – seen
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of root 'dṛś'
  Root: dṛś (class 1)
• pūrva – before, previous
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'anyaḥ kaścit'.

अन्यः (anyaḥ) - anyone else (other, another, anyone else)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anya

anya - other, another, different

Note: Subject of the clause.

कश्चित् (kaścit) - anyone (someone, anyone, a certain one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaścit

kaścit - someone, anyone, a certain one

From 'kim' + 'cid'

Note: Used with 'anyaḥ' to emphasize 'anyone else'.

उग्रतपाः (ugratapāḥ) - of such fierce penance (ugratapas) (of fierce penance, severe ascetic)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ugratapas

ugratapas - of fierce penance, severe ascetic

Compound type : bahuvrihi (ugra+tapas)

• ugra – severe, fierce, mighty
  adjective
• tapas – penance, austerity
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'anyaḥ kaścit'.

इति (iti) - thus (concluding statement) (thus, so, end of quote)

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the end of the statement or description.