महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-63, verse-16

अनागा येन निकृतस्त्वमनर्हो जनाधिप ।
क्रोधादसूययित्वा तं रक्षा मे भवतः कृता ॥१६॥

16. anāgā yena nikṛtastvamanarho janādhipa ,
krodhādasūyayitvā taṁ rakṣā me bhavataḥ kṛtā.

16. anāgāḥ yena nikṛtaḥ tvam anarhaḥ janādhipa
krodhāt asūyayitvā tam rakṣā me bhavataḥ kṛtā

16. O lord of men, by whom you, an innocent and undeserving one, were injured: having acted with malice towards him (Kali) out of anger, this protection for you has been accomplished by me.

Words meanings summery:

• अनागाः (anāgāḥ) - innocent (innocent, faultless, guiltless)

• येन (yena) - by whom (Kali) (by whom, by which)

• निकृतः (nikṛtaḥ) - injured, wronged (deceived, injured, humiliated, wronged)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (Nala) (you)

• अनर्हः (anarhaḥ) - undeserving (of such injury) (undeserving, unworthy, not entitled)

• जनाधिप (janādhipa) - O lord of men! (Nala) (O lord of men! O king!)

• क्रोधात् (krodhāt) - out of anger (from anger, out of anger)

• असूययित्वा (asūyayitvā) - having acted with malice (towards him/Kali) (having envied, having shown malice, having felt ill-will)

• तम् (tam) - him (Kali) (him, that)

• रक्षा (rakṣā) - protection (protection, guarding, preservation)

• मे (me) - by me (by me, for me, my)

• भवतः (bhavataḥ) - your (Nala's) (your, of you)

• कृता (kṛtā) - accomplished, made (protection) (done, made, performed)

Words meanings and morphology

अनागाः (anāgāḥ) - innocent (innocent, faultless, guiltless)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anāgas

anāgas - innocent, faultless, guiltless

Negative compound `a` + `nāgas` (fault).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (a+nāgas)

• a – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle.
• nāgas – fault, sin
  noun (neuter)

Note: Acts as a predicate for `tvam`.

येन (yena) - by whom (Kali) (by whom, by which)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, that, who

Masculine instrumental singular of `yad`.

निकृतः (nikṛtaḥ) - injured, wronged (deceived, injured, humiliated, wronged)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nikṛta

nikṛta - deceived, injured, humiliated, wronged

Past Passive Participle

Formed from `ni` (prefix) + root `kṛ` (to do/make) + `kta` suffix. `ni` in this context can imply 'down, away', or 'completely'.

Prefix: ni

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicative adjective.

त्वम् (tvam) - you (Nala) (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of tvam

tvam - you

Note: The subject of `nikṛtaḥ`.

अनर्हः (anarhaḥ) - undeserving (of such injury) (undeserving, unworthy, not entitled)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anarha

anarha - undeserving, unworthy, not entitled

Negative compound `an` + `arha` (deserving).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (an+arha)

• an – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle, used before vowels.
• arha – deserving, worthy, entitled
  adjective
  Root: arh (class 1)

Note: Acts as a predicate for `tvam`.

जनाधिप (janādhipa) - O lord of men! (Nala) (O lord of men! O king!)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of janādhipa

janādhipa - lord of men, king

Compound of `jana` (people) and `adhipa` (ruler/lord).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jana+adhipa)

• jana – people, person
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – lord, ruler, master
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: dhā (class 3)

क्रोधात् (krodhāt) - out of anger (from anger, out of anger)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of krodha

krodha - anger, wrath

Root: krudh (class 4)

असूययित्वा (asūyayitvā) - having acted with malice (towards him/Kali) (having envied, having shown malice, having felt ill-will)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from the root `asūy` with suffix `tvā`.

Root: asūy (class 10)

तम् (tam) - him (Kali) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Masculine accusative singular of `tad`.

रक्षा (rakṣā) - protection (protection, guarding, preservation)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of rakṣā

rakṣā - protection, guarding, preservation

From root `rakṣ` (to protect).

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

मे (me) - by me (by me, for me, my)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I

Dative/Genitive singular of `aham`. Here used adverbially or as an agent for passive construction ('by me'). While grammatically dative/genitive, it functions as instrumental in this context.

भवतः (bhavataḥ) - your (Nala's) (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - you (polite), your honor

Genitive singular of `bhavat`.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `rakṣā`.

कृता (kṛtā) - accomplished, made (protection) (done, made, performed)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed

Past Passive Participle

Feminine nominative singular of the Past Passive Participle of root `kṛ`.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Acts as the main verb (passive) for `rakṣā`.