महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-63, verse-16

अनागा येन निकृतस्त्वमनर्हो जनाधिप ।
क्रोधादसूययित्वा तं रक्षा मे भवतः कृता ॥१६॥

16. anāgā yena nikṛtastvamanarho janādhipa ,
krodhādasūyayitvā taṁ rakṣā me bhavataḥ kṛtā.

16. anāgāḥ yena nikṛtaḥ tvam anarhaḥ janādhipa
krodhāt asūyayitvā tam rakṣā me bhavataḥ kṛtā

16. O lord of men, by whom you, an innocent and undeserving one, were injured: having acted with malice towards him (Kali) out of anger, this protection for you has been accomplished by me.

16. הו שליט האנשים, מי שרימה אותך בלי שחטאת ובלי שהיית ראוי לכך, אותו הכעסתי בזעמי, וכך נעשתה ההגנה שלי עליך.

Words meanings summery:

• अनागाः (anāgāḥ) - innocent (innocent, faultless, guiltless)

• येन (yena) - by whom (Kali) (by whom, by which)

• निकृतः (nikṛtaḥ) - injured, wronged (deceived, injured, humiliated, wronged)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (Nala) (you)

• अनर्हः (anarhaḥ) - undeserving (of such injury) (undeserving, unworthy, not entitled)

• जनाधिप (janādhipa) - O lord of men! (Nala) (O lord of men! O king!)

• क्रोधात् (krodhāt) - out of anger (from anger, out of anger)

• असूययित्वा (asūyayitvā) - having acted with malice (towards him/Kali) (having envied, having shown malice, having felt ill-will)

• तम् (tam) - him (Kali) (him, that)

• रक्षा (rakṣā) - protection (protection, guarding, preservation)

• मे (me) - by me (by me, for me, my)

• भवतः (bhavataḥ) - your (Nala's) (your, of you)

• कृता (kṛtā) - accomplished, made (protection) (done, made, performed)

Words meanings and morphology

अनागाः (anāgāḥ) - innocent (innocent, faultless, guiltless)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anāgas

anāgas - innocent, faultless, guiltless

Negative compound `a` + `nāgas` (fault).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (a+nāgas)

• a – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle.
• nāgas – fault, sin
  noun (neuter)

Note: Acts as a predicate for `tvam`.

येन (yena) - by whom (Kali) (by whom, by which)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, that, who

Masculine instrumental singular of `yad`.

निकृतः (nikṛtaḥ) - injured, wronged (deceived, injured, humiliated, wronged)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nikṛta

nikṛta - deceived, injured, humiliated, wronged

Past Passive Participle

Formed from `ni` (prefix) + root `kṛ` (to do/make) + `kta` suffix. `ni` in this context can imply 'down, away', or 'completely'.

Prefix: ni

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicative adjective.

त्वम् (tvam) - you (Nala) (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of tvam

tvam - you

Note: The subject of `nikṛtaḥ`.

अनर्हः (anarhaḥ) - undeserving (of such injury) (undeserving, unworthy, not entitled)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anarha

anarha - undeserving, unworthy, not entitled

Negative compound `an` + `arha` (deserving).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (an+arha)

• an – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle, used before vowels.
• arha – deserving, worthy, entitled
  adjective
  Root: arh (class 1)

Note: Acts as a predicate for `tvam`.

जनाधिप (janādhipa) - O lord of men! (Nala) (O lord of men! O king!)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of janādhipa

janādhipa - lord of men, king

Compound of `jana` (people) and `adhipa` (ruler/lord).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jana+adhipa)

• jana – people, person
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – lord, ruler, master
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: dhā (class 3)

क्रोधात् (krodhāt) - out of anger (from anger, out of anger)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of krodha

krodha - anger, wrath

Root: krudh (class 4)

असूययित्वा (asūyayitvā) - having acted with malice (towards him/Kali) (having envied, having shown malice, having felt ill-will)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from the root `asūy` with suffix `tvā`.

Root: asūy (class 10)

तम् (tam) - him (Kali) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Masculine accusative singular of `tad`.

रक्षा (rakṣā) - protection (protection, guarding, preservation)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of rakṣā

rakṣā - protection, guarding, preservation

From root `rakṣ` (to protect).

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

मे (me) - by me (by me, for me, my)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I

Dative/Genitive singular of `aham`. Here used adverbially or as an agent for passive construction ('by me'). While grammatically dative/genitive, it functions as instrumental in this context.

भवतः (bhavataḥ) - your (Nala's) (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - you (polite), your honor

Genitive singular of `bhavat`.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `rakṣā`.

कृता (kṛtā) - accomplished, made (protection) (done, made, performed)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed

Past Passive Participle

Feminine nominative singular of the Past Passive Participle of root `kṛ`.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Acts as the main verb (passive) for `rakṣā`.

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