महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-63, verse-12

स दृष्ट्वा विस्मितस्तस्थावात्मानं विकृतं नलः ।
स्वरूपधारिणं नागं ददर्श च महीपतिः ॥१२॥

12. sa dṛṣṭvā vismitastasthāvātmānaṁ vikṛtaṁ nalaḥ ,
svarūpadhāriṇaṁ nāgaṁ dadarśa ca mahīpatiḥ.

12. saḥ dṛṣṭvā vismitaḥ tasthau ātmānam vikṛtam
nalaḥ svarūpadhāriṇam nāgam dadarśa ca mahīpatiḥ

12. Nala, having seen his own self (ātman) disfigured, stood amazed. And the king (Nala) saw the serpent (Karkoṭaka) having assumed its own form.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - Nala (he)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived

• विस्मितः (vismitaḥ) - amazed, astonished, surprised

• तस्थौ (tasthau) - stood, remained

• आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - his own body/self (self, soul, spirit)

• विकृतम् (vikṛtam) - Nala's disfigured (new) form (disfigured, changed, altered)

• नलः (nalaḥ) - Nala (name of a king)

• स्वरूपधारिणम् (svarūpadhāriṇam) - Karkoṭaka, who had assumed his original serpent form (assuming one's own form)

• नागम् (nāgam) - Karkoṭaka in his serpent form (serpent, snake)

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - saw

• च (ca) - and, also

• महीपतिः (mahīpatiḥ) - Nala, the king (king, lord of the earth)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - Nala (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived

(indeclinable)

absolutive

gerundive form of √dṛś

Root: √dṛś (class 1)

विस्मितः (vismitaḥ) - amazed, astonished, surprised

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vismita

vismita - amazed, astonished, surprised

Past Passive Participle

from √smi with prefix vi

Prefix: vi

Root: √smi (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'nalaḥ'

तस्थौ (tasthau) - stood, remained

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of sthā

Perfect Active

3rd person singular perfect active of √sthā

Root: √sthā (class 1)

आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - his own body/self (self, soul, spirit)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence

विकृतम् (vikṛtam) - Nala's disfigured (new) form (disfigured, changed, altered)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vikṛta

vikṛta - changed, altered, disfigured, modified

Past Passive Participle

from √kṛ with prefix vi

Prefix: vi

Root: √kṛ (class 8)

Note: Modifies 'ātmānam'

नलः (nalaḥ) - Nala (name of a king)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nala

nala - Nala (name of a legendary king)

स्वरूपधारिणम् (svarūpadhāriṇam) - Karkoṭaka, who had assumed his original serpent form (assuming one's own form)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of svarūpadhārin

svarūpadhārin - bearing one's own form, having one's original nature

agent noun/adjective (from √dhṛ)

compound of sva, rūpa, and dhārin (agent noun from √dhṛ)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+rūpa+dhārin)

• sva – own, one's own
  adjective (masculine)
• rūpa – form, appearance
  noun (neuter)
• dhārin – bearing, holding, possessing
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/adjective
  from √dhṛ (to bear, hold)
  Root: √dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'nāgam'

नागम् (nāgam) - Karkoṭaka in his serpent form (serpent, snake)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nāga

nāga - serpent, snake, elephant

ददर्श (dadarśa) - saw

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of dṛś

Perfect Active

3rd person singular perfect active of √dṛś

Root: √dṛś (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

महीपतिः (mahīpatiḥ) - Nala, the king (king, lord of the earth)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahīpati

mahīpati - king, sovereign (lord of the earth)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahī+pati)

• mahī – earth, land
  noun (feminine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)