महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-63, verse-1

बृहदश्व उवाच ।
उत्सृज्य दमयन्तीं तु नलो राजा विशां पते ।
ददर्श दावं दह्यन्तं महान्तं गहने वने ॥१॥

1. bṛhadaśva uvāca ,
utsṛjya damayantīṁ tu nalo rājā viśāṁ pate ,
dadarśa dāvaṁ dahyantaṁ mahāntaṁ gahane vane.

1. bṛhadaśvaḥ uvāca utsṛjya damayantīm tu nalaḥ rājā
viśām pate dadarśa dāvam dahyantam mahāntam gahane vane

1. Bṛhadaśva said: "After abandoning Damayantī, King Nala, O lord of people, saw a great forest fire burning in a dense forest."

Words meanings summery:

• बृहदश्वः (bṛhadaśvaḥ) - Bṛhadaśva (name of the narrator)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having abandoned, having left, having forsaken

• दमयन्तीम् (damayantīm) - Damayantī

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• नलः (nalaḥ) - Nala

• राजा (rājā) - king

• विशाम् (viśām) - of the people, of the subjects

• पते (pate) - Addressing Janamejaya as the lord of people. (O lord, O master)

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - saw, beheld

• दावम् (dāvam) - forest fire, conflagration

• दह्यन्तम् (dahyantam) - burning, being burned

• महान्तम् (mahāntam) - great, large, vast

• गहने (gahane) - in a dense, in a deep

• वने (vane) - in a forest, in a wood

Words meanings and morphology

बृहदश्वः (bṛhadaśvaḥ) - Bṛhadaśva (name of the narrator)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bṛhadaśva

bṛhadaśva - one with a great horse (a proper name)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bṛhat+aśva)

• bṛhat – great, large, vast
  adjective
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active

Reduplicated perfect, 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having abandoned, having left, having forsaken

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

formed with prefix ut- and suffix -ya

Prefix: ut

Root: sṛj (class 6)

दमयन्तीम् (damayantīm) - Damayantī

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of damayantī

damayantī - Damayantī (name of Nala's wife)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

नलः (nalaḥ) - Nala

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nala

nala - Nala (name of a king)

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj

विशाम् (viśām) - of the people, of the subjects

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of viś

viś - people, subjects, community, clan

Root: viś (class 6)

पते (pate) - Addressing Janamejaya as the lord of people. (O lord, O master)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - master, lord, husband, owner

ददर्श (dadarśa) - saw, beheld

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of dṛś

perfect active

Reduplicated perfect, 3rd person singular

Root: dṛś (class 1)

दावम् (dāvam) - forest fire, conflagration

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dāva

dāva - forest fire, conflagration, forest

दह्यन्तम् (dahyantam) - burning, being burned

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dahyat

dah - to burn

present passive participle

from root dah + ya + at

Root: dah (class 1)

Note: modifies dāvam

महान्तम् (mahāntam) - great, large, vast

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, immense, important

Note: modifies dāvam

गहने (gahane) - in a dense, in a deep

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of gahana

gahana - dense, deep, impenetrable, thicket

Root: gāh (class 1)

Note: modifies vane

वने (vane) - in a forest, in a wood

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove, tree