महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-6, verse-12

विदुर उवाच ।
अवोचन्मां धृतराष्ट्रोऽनुगुप्तमजातशत्रो परिगृह्याभिपूज्य ।
एवं गते समतामभ्युपेत्य पथ्यं तेषां मम चैव ब्रवीहि ॥१२॥

12. vidura uvāca ,
avocanmāṁ dhṛtarāṣṭro'nugupta;majātaśatro parigṛhyābhipūjya ,
evaṁ gate samatāmabhyupetya; pathyaṁ teṣāṁ mama caiva bravīhi.

12. vidura uvāca avocat mām dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ
anuguptam ajātaśatro parigṛhya
abhipūjya evam gate samatām abhyupetya
pathyam teṣām mama ca eva bravīhi

12. Vidura said: "O Ajātaśatru (one whose enemies are unborn), Dhṛtarāṣṭra, having taken me aside confidentially and honored me, then said [to me]: 'When matters have reached this point, adopting impartiality, tell me what is beneficial for them (the Kauravas) and for me.'"

Words meanings summery:

• विदुर (vidura) - Vidura

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अवोचत् (avocat) - spoke, said

• माम् (mām) - me

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra

• अनुगुप्तम् (anuguptam) - privately, in confidence (modifying the action of speaking or the state of Vidura) (secretly, in confidence, protected)

• अजातशत्रो (ajātaśatro) - O Yudhiṣṭhira (O one whose enemies are unborn)

• परिगृह्य (parigṛhya) - having taken in hand, having taken hold of (having taken, having embraced, having treated)

• अभिपूज्य (abhipūjya) - having honored, having respected

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

• गते (gate) - when matters have come to this point (often used in locative absolute construction) (when it has come to, having gone)

• समताम् (samatām) - impartiality, equality, evenness

• अभ्युपेत्य (abhyupetya) - having approached, having adopted

• पथ्यम् (pathyam) - beneficial, wholesome, proper

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - for them (the Kauravas) (of them, for them)

• मम (mama) - for me (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (of me, for me)

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

• ब्रवीहि (bravīhi) - tell, speak

Words meanings and morphology

विदुर (vidura) - Vidura

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidura

vidura - Vidura (a character in the Mahābhārata, half-brother of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (Lit) of uvāca

Perfect Tense

Root 'vac' in Lit-lakāra (perfect tense)

Root: vac (class 2)

अवोचत् (avocat) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (Laṅ) of avocat

Imperfect Tense

Root 'vac' in Laṅ-lakāra (imperfect tense), 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of aham

aham - I

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (King of the Kurus, father of the Kauravas)

अनुगुप्तम् (anuguptam) - privately, in confidence (modifying the action of speaking or the state of Vidura) (secretly, in confidence, protected)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anugupta

anugupta - guarded, protected, kept secret, confidential

Past Passive Participle

PPP of root 'gup' with upasarga 'anu'

Prefix: anu

Root: gup (class 1)

अजातशत्रो (ajātaśatro) - O Yudhiṣṭhira (O one whose enemies are unborn)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of ajātaśatru

ajātaśatru - one whose enemies are not born, having no enemies, Yudhiṣṭhira

Bahuvrihi compound: a + jāta + śatru

Compound type : bahuvrihi (ajāta+śatru)

• ajāta – not born, unborn
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Negative particle 'a-' + PPP of root 'jan' (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• śatru – enemy, rival
  noun (masculine)

परिगृह्य (parigṛhya) - having taken in hand, having taken hold of (having taken, having embraced, having treated)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form of root 'grah' with upasarga 'pari'

Prefix: pari

Root: grah (class 9)

अभिपूज्य (abhipūjya) - having honored, having respected

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form of root 'pūj' with upasarga 'abhi'

Prefix: abhi

Root: pūj (class 10)

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

गते (gate) - when matters have come to this point (often used in locative absolute construction) (when it has come to, having gone)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of gata

gata - gone, arrived, come to

Past Passive Participle

PPP of root 'gam' (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

समताम् (samatām) - impartiality, equality, evenness

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of samatā

samatā - equality, sameness, impartiality, equanimity

Derived from 'sama' (equal) + suffix '-tā'

अभ्युपेत्य (abhyupetya) - having approached, having adopted

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form of root 'i' with upasargas 'abhi' and 'upa'

Prefixes: abhi+upa

Root: i (class 2)

पथ्यम् (pathyam) - beneficial, wholesome, proper

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pathya

pathya - suitable, fit, wholesome, beneficial (especially for health)

Derived from 'patha' (path) + suffix '-ya'

तेषाम् (teṣām) - for them (the Kauravas) (of them, for them)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

मम (mama) - for me (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (of me, for me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

(indeclinable)

ब्रवीहि (bravīhi) - tell, speak

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (Loṭ) of bravīhi

Imperative Mood

Root 'brū' in Loṭ-lakāra (imperative mood), 2nd person singular

Root: brū (class 2)