महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-57, verse-13

यथा यथा हि नृपतिः पुष्करेणेह जीयते ।
तथा तथास्य द्यूते वै रागो भूयोऽभिवर्धते ॥१३॥

13. yathā yathā hi nṛpatiḥ puṣkareṇeha jīyate ,
tathā tathāsya dyūte vai rāgo bhūyo'bhivardhate.

13. yathā yathā hi nṛpatiḥ puṣkareṇa iha jīyate tathā
tathā asya dyūte vai rāgaḥ bhūyaḥ abhivardhate

13. The more the king is defeated here by Puskara, the more his passion for gambling (dyūta) increases.

Words meanings summery:

• यथा (yathā) - as, to the extent that (as, in whichever way, to the extent that)

• यथा (yathā) - as, to the extent that (as, in whichever way, to the extent that)

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely (emphasizing the statement) (indeed, surely, for, because)

• नृपतिः (nṛpatiḥ) - the king (Nala) (king, ruler)

• पुष्करेण (puṣkareṇa) - by Puskara (Nala's opponent in gambling) (by Puskara)

• इह (iha) - here (in this situation) (here, in this world, now)

• जीयते (jīyate) - is defeated (is defeated, is conquered)

• तथा (tathā) - so, in that manner (consequence) (so, in that manner, thus)

• तथा (tathā) - so, in that manner (consequence) (so, in that manner, thus)

• अस्य (asya) - his (referring to Nala) (his, of him, of this)

• द्यूते (dyūte) - in gambling (dyūta) (in gambling, in a game of dice)

• वै (vai) - indeed (emphatic particle) (indeed, surely, certainly)

• रागः (rāgaḥ) - passion (for gambling) (passion, attachment, desire)

• भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - more and more (used with abhivardhate) (more, again, further)

• अभिवर्धते (abhivardhate) - increases (increases, grows)

Words meanings and morphology

यथा (yathā) - as, to the extent that (as, in whichever way, to the extent that)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used twice for emphasis: 'the more...the more...'

यथा (yathā) - as, to the extent that (as, in whichever way, to the extent that)

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely (emphasizing the statement) (indeed, surely, for, because)

(indeclinable)

नृपतिः (nṛpatiḥ) - the king (Nala) (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpati

nṛpati - king, ruler, lord of men

Compound type : tatpurusha (nṛ+pati)

• nṛ – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• pati – master, lord, husband
  noun (masculine)

पुष्करेण (puṣkareṇa) - by Puskara (Nala's opponent in gambling) (by Puskara)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of puṣkara

puṣkara - Puskara (proper name), lotus, blue lotus

इह (iha) - here (in this situation) (here, in this world, now)

(indeclinable)

जीयते (jīyate) - is defeated (is defeated, is conquered)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of ji

root conjugation

Passive voice, present tense, 3rd person singular, Ātmanepada. Derived from root ji (1st class) but form jīyate is characteristic of passive voice formation ya affix.

Root: ji (class 1)

तथा (tathā) - so, in that manner (consequence) (so, in that manner, thus)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used twice for emphasis: 'the more...the more...'

तथा (tathā) - so, in that manner (consequence) (so, in that manner, thus)

(indeclinable)

अस्य (asya) - his (referring to Nala) (his, of him, of this)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, here, he, she, it

द्यूते (dyūte) - in gambling (dyūta) (in gambling, in a game of dice)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of dyūta

dyūta - gambling, game of dice

Derived from root div (to play, to gamble).

Root: div (class 4)

वै (vai) - indeed (emphatic particle) (indeed, surely, certainly)

(indeclinable)

रागः (rāgaḥ) - passion (for gambling) (passion, attachment, desire)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāga

rāga - color, tint, passion, love, attachment, desire

Derived from root rañj (to color, to be pleased).

Root: rañj (class 1)

भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - more and more (used with abhivardhate) (more, again, further)

(indeclinable)

Comparative form of bahu (much).

अभिवर्धते (abhivardhate) - increases (increases, grows)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vṛdh

root conjugation

Present tense, 3rd person singular, Ātmanepada. Root vṛdh (1st class).

Prefix: abhi

Root: vṛdh (class 1)