महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-57, verse-1

बृहदश्व उवाच ।
दमयन्ती ततो दृष्ट्वा पुण्यश्लोकं नराधिपम् ।
उन्मत्तवदनुन्मत्ता देवने गतचेतसम् ॥१॥

1. bṛhadaśva uvāca ,
damayantī tato dṛṣṭvā puṇyaślokaṁ narādhipam ,
unmattavadanunmattā devane gatacetasam.

1. bṛhadaśvaḥ uvāca | damayantī tataḥ dṛṣṭvā puṇyaślokaṃ
narādhipam | unmattavat anunmattā devane gatacetasam

1. Brihadashva said: Then Damayanti, though not insane herself, seeing the king (narādhipam) whose fame was pure (puṇyaśloka), behaving like a madman and whose mind was engrossed in gambling...

Words meanings summery:

• बृहदश्वः (bṛhadaśvaḥ) - The sage Brihadashva, the narrator of the Nala episode in Mahabharata. (Brihadashva)

• उवाच (uvāca) - The sage Brihadashva said. (said, spoke)

• दमयन्ती (damayantī) - The princess Damayanti, wife of Nala. (Damayanti)

• ततः (tataḥ) - Then, afterwards. (then, thence, afterwards)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - Damayanti, having seen Nala. (having seen, after seeing)

• पुण्यश्लोकं (puṇyaślokaṁ) - Refers to Nala, who was famous for his virtue. (whose fame is pure/virtuous, of good repute)

• नराधिपम् (narādhipam) - King Nala. (king, lord of men)

• उन्मत्तवत् (unmattavat) - Nala behaving as if insane due to gambling. (like a madman, as if insane)

• अनुन्मत्ता (anunmattā) - Damayanti herself, being sane. (not mad, not insane)

• देवने (devane) - Nala was engaged in gambling. (in gambling, at play)

• गतचेतसम् (gatacetasam) - Refers to Nala, who was completely absorbed and lost his sense of self/reason due to gambling. (whose mind is gone, senseless, absent-minded)

Words meanings and morphology

बृहदश्वः (bṛhadaśvaḥ) - The sage Brihadashva, the narrator of the Nala episode in Mahabharata. (Brihadashva)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bṛhadaśva

bṛhadaśva - Name of a sage

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (bṛhat+aśva)

• bṛhat – great, large, vast
  adjective
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)

उवाच (uvāca) - The sage Brihadashva said. (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Tense (Liṭ)

Form of the root vac in perfect tense, 3rd person singular active. Irregular perfect form from reduplication and stem vowel change.

Root: vac (class 2)

दमयन्ती (damayantī) - The princess Damayanti, wife of Nala. (Damayanti)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of damayantī

damayantī - Name of a princess, wife of Nala

ततः (tataḥ) - Then, afterwards. (then, thence, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - Damayanti, having seen Nala. (having seen, after seeing)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

Formed with suffix -tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

पुण्यश्लोकं (puṇyaślokaṁ) - Refers to Nala, who was famous for his virtue. (whose fame is pure/virtuous, of good repute)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of puṇyaśloka

puṇyaśloka - of virtuous fame, of holy renown, famous for good deeds

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (puṇya+śloka)

• puṇya – meritorious, virtuous, sacred, holy
  adjective (neuter)
• śloka – fame, renown, praise, verse
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with `narādhipam`.

नराधिपम् (narādhipam) - King Nala. (king, lord of men)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of narādhipa

narādhipa - king, lord of men, sovereign

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, master
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of `dṛṣṭvā`.

उन्मत्तवत् (unmattavat) - Nala behaving as if insane due to gambling. (like a madman, as if insane)

(indeclinable)

Formed with the suffix -vat, indicating comparison 'like, as if'.

Note: Modifies the state of Nala.

अनुन्मत्ता (anunmattā) - Damayanti herself, being sane. (not mad, not insane)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of anunmatta

anunmatta - not mad, not insane, sane

Past Passive Participle (for unmata)

Negative prefix 'a-' + unmata. 'unmata' is past passive participle of ud-mad (to be exhilarated, become mad).

Compound type : Nañ-Tatpuruṣa (a+unmatta)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negative particle
• unmatta – mad, insane, intoxicated
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of ud-mad
  Prefix: ud
  Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Agrees with `damayantī`.

देवने (devane) - Nala was engaged in gambling. (in gambling, at play)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of devana

devana - gambling, playing, sport

From root div (to play, gamble).

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Indicates the activity Nala was engaged in.

गतचेतसम् (gatacetasam) - Refers to Nala, who was completely absorbed and lost his sense of self/reason due to gambling. (whose mind is gone, senseless, absent-minded)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gatacetas

gatacetas - one whose mind is gone, senseless, unconscious, distraught

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (gata+cetas)

• gata – gone, departed, lost
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)
• cetas – mind, intelligence, thought
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with `narādhipam`.