महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-254, verse-6

यस्य ध्वजाग्रे नदतो मृदङ्गौ नन्दोपनन्दौ मधुरौ युक्तरूपौ ।
एतं स्वधर्मार्थविनिश्चयज्ञं सदा जनाः कृत्यवन्तोऽनुयान्ति ॥६॥

6. yasya dhvajāgre nadato mṛdaṅgau; nandopanandau madhurau yuktarūpau ,
etaṁ svadharmārthaviniścayajñaṁ; sadā janāḥ kṛtyavanto'nuyānti.

6. yasya dhvajāgre nadataḥ mṛdaṅgau
nandopanandau madhurau yuktarūpau
etam svadharmārthaviniścayajñam
sadā janāḥ kṛtyavantaḥ anuyānti

6. At the top of his banner, Nanda and Upananda, the two sweet and harmoniously shaped drums, roar. People who have a sense of duty always follow him, who understands the ascertainment of his own intrinsic nature (svadharma) and purpose.

Words meanings summery:

• यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom

• ध्वजाग्रे (dhvajāgre) - at the banner's tip, at the top of the flag

• नदतः (nadataḥ) - roaring, sounding, making noise

• मृदङ्गौ (mṛdaṅgau) - two mṛdaṅga drums

• नन्दोपनन्दौ (nandopanandau) - Nanda and Upananda (names of two drums)

• मधुरौ (madhurau) - sweet-sounding (referring to the drums) (sweet, pleasant, melodious)

• युक्तरूपौ (yuktarūpau) - of proper form, harmoniously shaped, well-formed

• एतम् (etam) - him, this one

• स्वधर्मार्थविनिश्चयज्ञम् (svadharmārthaviniścayajñam) - who understands the ascertainment of his own intrinsic nature (svadharma) and purpose (who knows the ascertainment of one's own intrinsic nature and purpose)

• सदा (sadā) - always, ever, perpetually

• जनाः (janāḥ) - people, men, folk

• कृत्यवन्तः (kṛtyavantaḥ) - people who have a sense of duty (having duties, dutiful, deserving of merit)

• अनुयान्ति (anuyānti) - they follow, they go after, they pursue

Words meanings and morphology

यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

ध्वजाग्रे (dhvajāgre) - at the banner's tip, at the top of the flag

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of dhvajāgra

dhvajāgra - tip of a banner, top of a flag

Compound type : Tatpurusha (dhvaja+agra)

• dhvaja – banner, flag, standard
  noun (masculine)
• agra – tip, top, front, summit
  noun (neuter)

नदतः (nadataḥ) - roaring, sounding, making noise

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of nadat

nadat - roaring, sounding, making noise

Present Active Participle

Root nad (to sound, roar) + śatṛ suffix

Root: nad (class 1)

मृदङ्गौ (mṛdaṅgau) - two mṛdaṅga drums

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of mṛdaṅga

mṛdaṅga - a type of drum (mṛdaṅga), a musical instrument

नन्दोपनन्दौ (nandopanandau) - Nanda and Upananda (names of two drums)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of nandopananda

nandopananda - Nanda and Upananda (names)

Compound type : Dvandva (nanda+upananda)

• nanda – Nanda (name of a drum)
  proper noun (masculine)
• upananda – Upananda (name of a drum)
  proper noun (masculine)

मधुरौ (madhurau) - sweet-sounding (referring to the drums) (sweet, pleasant, melodious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of madhura

madhura - sweet, pleasant, charming, melodious

युक्तरूपौ (yuktarūpau) - of proper form, harmoniously shaped, well-formed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of yuktarūpa

yuktarūpa - having a proper form, well-formed, suitable shape

Compound type : Karmadharaya (yukta+rūpa)

• yukta – joined, fitted, appropriate, proper
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Root yuj + kta (past passive participle suffix)
  Root: yuj (class 7)
• rūpa – form, shape, appearance, beauty
  noun (neuter)

एतम् (etam) - him, this one

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

स्वधर्मार्थविनिश्चयज्ञम् (svadharmārthaviniścayajñam) - who understands the ascertainment of his own intrinsic nature (svadharma) and purpose (who knows the ascertainment of one's own intrinsic nature and purpose)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of svadharmārthaviniścayajña

svadharmārthaviniścayajña - knower of the ascertainment of one's own dharma and purpose

Compound type : Tatpurusha (sva+dharma+artha+viniścaya+jña)

• sva – own, self, one's own
  adjective
• dharma – intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• artha – purpose, meaning, object, wealth
  noun (masculine)
• viniścaya – ascertainment, firm determination, decision
  noun (masculine)
  Root ści (to cut, decide) with vi and ni prefixes
  Prefixes: vi+ni
  Root: ści (class 5)
• jña – knowing, one who knows
  adjective (masculine)
  Nominal suffix
  Suffix -jña from root jñā (to know), forming an agent noun or adjective.
  Root: jñā (class 9)

सदा (sadā) - always, ever, perpetually

(indeclinable)

जनाः (janāḥ) - people, men, folk

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jana

jana - person, man, people, creature

Root: jan (class 4)

कृत्यवन्तः (kṛtyavantaḥ) - people who have a sense of duty (having duties, dutiful, deserving of merit)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṛtyavat

kṛtyavat - having duty, dutiful, possessing merit, having something to be done

Derived from kṛtya (gerundive of kṛ) + matup (possessive suffix)

अनुयान्ति (anuyānti) - they follow, they go after, they pursue

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (lat) of anuyā

Present Tense (Lat La-kāra)

Present 3rd person plural active of root yā with anu prefix

Prefix: anu

Root: yā (class 2)