महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-254, verse-18

स एष शूरो नित्यममर्षणश्च धीमान्प्राज्ञः सहदेवः पतिर्मे ।
त्यजेत्प्राणान्प्रविशेद्धव्यवाहं न त्वेवैष व्याहरेद्धर्मबाह्यम् ।
सदा मनस्वी क्षत्रधर्मे निविष्टः कुन्त्याः प्राणैरिष्टतमो नृवीरः ॥१८॥

18. sa eṣa śūro nityamamarṣaṇaśca; dhīmānprājñaḥ sahadevaḥ patirme ,
tyajetprāṇānpraviśeddhavyavāhaṁ; na tvevaiṣa vyāhareddharmabāhyam ,
sadā manasvī kṣatradharme niviṣṭaḥ; kuntyāḥ prāṇairiṣṭatamo nṛvīraḥ.

18. saḥ eṣa śūraḥ nityam amarṣaṇaḥ ca dhīmān prājñaḥ
sahadevaḥ patiḥ me tyajet prāṇān praviśet havyavāham
na tu eva eṣa vyāharet dharmabāhyam sadā manasvī
kṣatradharme niviṣṭaḥ kuntyāḥ prāṇaiḥ iṣṭatamaḥ nṛvīraḥ

18. This heroic one, my husband Sahadeva, is perpetually intolerant (amarṣaṇa), intelligent, and wise. He would rather give up his life or enter a sacrificial fire (havyavāha) than ever utter what is contrary to natural law (dharma). This high-minded hero among men (nṛvīra), always dedicated to the warrior's constitution (kṣatradharma), is the most cherished among Kunti's own children.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)

• एष (eṣa) - this one (this, this one)

• शूरः (śūraḥ) - heroic (heroic, brave, warrior)

• नित्यम् (nityam) - perpetually (always, perpetually, constantly)

• अमर्षणः (amarṣaṇaḥ) - intolerant (of insult) (impatient, intolerant, irascible)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• धीमान् (dhīmān) - intelligent (intelligent, wise, thoughtful)

• प्राज्ञः (prājñaḥ) - wise (wise, knowing, intelligent)

• सहदेवः (sahadevaḥ) - Sahadeva (name of the youngest Pandava)

• पतिः (patiḥ) - husband (husband, lord, master)

• मे (me) - my (my, to me, for me)

• त्यजेत् (tyajet) - he would give up (he would abandon, he should forsake)

• प्राणान् (prāṇān) - lives (lives, breaths, vital airs)

• प्रविशेत् (praviśet) - he would enter (he would enter, he should enter)

• हव्यवाहम् (havyavāham) - sacrificial fire (havyavāha) (carrier of oblations, fire, sacrificial fire)

• न (na) - never (not, no)

• तु (tu) - but (but, on the other hand, indeed)

• एव (eva) - ever (emphasizing 'never') (only, just, indeed, certainly)

• एष (eṣa) - this one (Sahadeva) (this, this one)

• व्याहरेत् (vyāharet) - he would utter (he would utter, he should speak)

• धर्मबाह्यम् (dharmabāhyam) - what is contrary to natural law (dharma) (outside dharma, unrighteous, unconstitutional)

• सदा (sadā) - always (always, ever, constantly)

• मनस्वी (manasvī) - high-minded (high-minded, proud, intelligent, spiritual)

• क्षत्रधर्मे (kṣatradharme) - in the warrior's constitution (kṣatradharma) (in the duty of a kshatriya, in the warrior's code)

• निविष्टः (niviṣṭaḥ) - dedicated to (engaged in, devoted to, established in)

• कुन्त्याः (kuntyāḥ) - of Kunti

• प्राणैः (prāṇaiḥ) - more than lives (used with superlative, implies 'most precious') (by lives, with lives, more than lives)

• इष्टतमः (iṣṭatamaḥ) - most cherished (most beloved, most desired, most cherished)

• नृवीरः (nṛvīraḥ) - hero among men (nṛvīra) (hero among men, brave man)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

एष (eṣa) - this one (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of eṣa

eṣa - this, this one (proximal demonstrative pronoun)

शूरः (śūraḥ) - heroic (heroic, brave, warrior)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śūra

śūra - hero, brave, mighty, warrior

नित्यम् (nityam) - perpetually (always, perpetually, constantly)

(indeclinable)

अमर्षणः (amarṣaṇaḥ) - intolerant (of insult) (impatient, intolerant, irascible)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of amarṣaṇa

amarṣaṇa - impatient, intolerant, irresistible, irascible

Derived from `marṣaṇa` (patience, tolerance) with negative prefix `a-`.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+marṣaṇa)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• marṣaṇa – patience, tolerance, enduring
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/Gerundive
  Derived from root `mṛṣ` (to bear, endure, be patient).
  Root: mṛṣ (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

धीमान् (dhīmān) - intelligent (intelligent, wise, thoughtful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhīmat

dhīmat - intelligent, wise, thoughtful, sagacious

Derived from `dhī` (intellect) with possessive suffix `matup`.

प्राज्ञः (prājñaḥ) - wise (wise, knowing, intelligent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prājña

prājña - wise, knowing, intelligent, skillful

Derived from `prajñā` (wisdom, intelligence) with suffix `aṇ`.

Prefix: pra

Root: jñā (class 9)

सहदेवः (sahadevaḥ) - Sahadeva (name of the youngest Pandava)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sahadeva

sahadeva - Sahadeva (one of the Pandavas), god, with gods

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (saha+deva)

• saha – with, together with
  indeclinable
• deva – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
  Root: div (class 4)

पतिः (patiḥ) - husband (husband, lord, master)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - master, lord, owner, husband

मे (me) - my (my, to me, for me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of mad

mad - I, me (first person pronoun)

त्यजेत् (tyajet) - he would give up (he would abandon, he should forsake)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of tyaj

Optative mood, active voice

Root `tyaj` in optative mood, active voice, 3rd person singular.

Root: tyaj (class 1)

प्राणान् (prāṇān) - lives (lives, breaths, vital airs)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of prāṇa

prāṇa - breath, life-force, vital air (prāṇa), life

Root: an (class 2)

प्रविशेत् (praviśet) - he would enter (he would enter, he should enter)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of praviś

Optative mood, active voice

Root `viś` with prefix `pra` in optative mood, active voice, 3rd person singular.

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

हव्यवाहम् (havyavāham) - sacrificial fire (havyavāha) (carrier of oblations, fire, sacrificial fire)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of havyavāha

havyavāha - carrier of oblations, fire (Agni), sacrificial fire

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (havya+vāha)

• havya – oblation, sacrificial offering
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive/Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root `hu` (to offer) with suffix `ya`.
  Root: hu (class 3)
• vāha – carrier, bearer, vehicle
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  Derived from root `vah` (to carry, bear) with suffix `a`.
  Root: vah (class 1)

न (na) - never (not, no)

(indeclinable)

तु (tu) - but (but, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - ever (emphasizing 'never') (only, just, indeed, certainly)

(indeclinable)

एष (eṣa) - this one (Sahadeva) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of eṣa

eṣa - this, this one (proximal demonstrative pronoun)

व्याहरेत् (vyāharet) - he would utter (he would utter, he should speak)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of vyāhṛ

Optative mood, active voice

Root `hṛ` with prefixes `vi` and `ā` in optative mood, active voice, 3rd person singular.

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

धर्मबाह्यम् (dharmabāhyam) - what is contrary to natural law (dharma) (outside dharma, unrighteous, unconstitutional)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dharmabāhya

dharmabāhya - external to (dharma), unrighteous, irreligious, unconstitutional

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+bāhya)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty, virtue, cosmic order (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• bāhya – external, outer, outside, extraneous
  adjective (neuter)
  Derived from `bahis` (outside) with suffix `ya`.

सदा (sadā) - always (always, ever, constantly)

(indeclinable)

मनस्वी (manasvī) - high-minded (high-minded, proud, intelligent, spiritual)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of manasvin

manasvin - high-minded, spirited, intelligent, proud, spiritual

Derived from `manas` (mind) with possessive suffix `vin`.

क्षत्रधर्मे (kṣatradharme) - in the warrior's constitution (kṣatradharma) (in the duty of a kshatriya, in the warrior's code)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kṣatradharma

kṣatradharma - the duty or natural law of a kshatriya (warrior class), warrior's code (dharma)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṣatra+dharma)

• kṣatra – warrior class, dominion, rule, power
  noun (neuter)
  Root: kṣi (class 1)
• dharma – natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty, virtue, cosmic order (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

निविष्टः (niviṣṭaḥ) - dedicated to (engaged in, devoted to, established in)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niviṣṭa

niviṣṭa - entered, settled, fixed, established, engaged in, devoted to

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `viś` (to enter) with prefix `ni` and past passive participle suffix `kta`.

Prefix: ni

Root: viś (class 6)

कुन्त्याः (kuntyāḥ) - of Kunti

(proper noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of kuntī

kuntī - Kunti (mother of the Pandavas)

प्राणैः (prāṇaiḥ) - more than lives (used with superlative, implies 'most precious') (by lives, with lives, more than lives)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of prāṇa

prāṇa - breath, life-force, vital air (prāṇa), life

Root: an (class 2)

इष्टतमः (iṣṭatamaḥ) - most cherished (most beloved, most desired, most cherished)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of iṣṭatama

iṣṭatama - most beloved, most desired, most excellent

Superlative of Past Passive Participle

Superlative form of `iṣṭa` (desired, beloved), past passive participle of root `iṣ` (to desire, wish).

Root: iṣ (class 6)

नृवीरः (nṛvīraḥ) - hero among men (nṛvīra) (hero among men, brave man)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛvīra

nṛvīra - hero among men, brave man

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+vīra)

• nṛ – man, male
  noun (masculine)
• vīra – hero, brave, powerful
  noun (masculine)