महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-254, verse-21

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
ततः पार्थाः पञ्च पञ्चेन्द्रकल्पास्त्यक्त्वा त्रस्तान्प्राञ्जलींस्तान्पदातीन् ।
रथानीकं शरवर्षान्धकारं चक्रुः क्रुद्धाः सर्वतः संनिगृह्य ॥२१॥

21. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tataḥ pārthāḥ pañca pañcendrakalpā;styaktvā trastānprāñjalīṁstānpadātīn ,
rathānīkaṁ śaravarṣāndhakāraṁ; cakruḥ kruddhāḥ sarvataḥ saṁnigṛhya.

21. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca tataḥ pārthāḥ pañca
pañcendrakalpāḥ tyaktvā trastān prāñjalīn
tān padātīn rathānīkam śaravarṣāndhakāram
cakruḥ kruddhāḥ sarvataḥ saṃnigṛhya

21. Vaiśaṃpāyana said: Then the five Pārthas, who were equal to five Indras, abandoned those terrified foot-soldiers who stood with folded hands. Enraged, they completely surrounded the enemy's chariot division and darkened it with a shower of arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - The narrator of the Mahābhārata (Vaiśaṃpāyana)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, afterwards

• पार्थाः (pārthāḥ) - The Pāṇḍavas (the sons of Pṛthā (Kuntī))

• पञ्च (pañca) - five

• पञ्चेन्द्रकल्पाः (pañcendrakalpāḥ) - equal to five Indras, like five Indras

• त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having left

• त्रस्तान् (trastān) - terrified, frightened

• प्राञ्जलीन् (prāñjalīn) - having folded hands, with palms joined (in salutation/supplication)

• तान् (tān) - those

• पदातीन् (padātīn) - foot-soldiers, infantry

• रथानीकम् (rathānīkam) - The enemy's chariot division (chariot division, chariot army)

• शरवर्षान्धकारम् (śaravarṣāndhakāram) - darkened by a shower of arrows

• चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - they made, they did

• क्रुद्धाः (kruddhāḥ) - enraged, angry

• सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - from all sides, everywhere

• संनिगृह्य (saṁnigṛhya) - having completely surrounded, having besieged

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - The narrator of the Mahābhārata (Vaiśaṃpāyana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśaṃpāyana (name of a sage, narrator of the Mahābhārata)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect tense, active voice

Root vac (2nd class), perfect tense (liṭ), 3rd person singular active form.

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, afterwards

(indeclinable)

पार्थाः (pārthāḥ) - The Pāṇḍavas (the sons of Pṛthā (Kuntī))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī)

Derived from Pṛthā with a patronymic suffix.

पञ्च (pañca) - five

(numeral)

पञ्चेन्द्रकल्पाः (pañcendrakalpāḥ) - equal to five Indras, like five Indras

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pañcendrakalpa

pañcendrakalpa - equal to five Indras, like five Indras

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pañca+indra+kalpa)

• pañcan – five
  numeral
• indra – Indra (king of gods)
  proper noun (masculine)
• kalpa – like, resembling, almost
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Compound adjective describing the Pāṇḍavas.

त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having left

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root tyaj (1st class) with suffix -ktvā.

Root: tyaj (class 1)

त्रस्तान् (trastān) - terrified, frightened

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of trasta

trasta - terrified, frightened

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root tras (to tremble, be terrified) with suffix -ta.

Root: tras (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'padātīn'.

प्राञ्जलीन् (prāñjalīn) - having folded hands, with palms joined (in salutation/supplication)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of prāñjali

prāñjali - having folded hands, with palms joined

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pra+añjali)

• pra – forth, forward, very
  indeclinable
• añjali – folded hands, palms joined
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'padātīn'.

तान् (tān) - those

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Demonstrative pronoun referring to 'padātīn'.

पदातीन् (padātīn) - foot-soldiers, infantry

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of padātin

padātin - foot-soldier, infantryman

रथानीकम् (rathānīkam) - The enemy's chariot division (chariot division, chariot army)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rathānīka

rathānīka - chariot division, chariot army

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+anīka)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• anīka – army, host, division
  noun (neuter)

शरवर्षान्धकारम् (śaravarṣāndhakāram) - darkened by a shower of arrows

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śaravarṣāndhakāra

śaravarṣāndhakāra - darkness caused by a shower of arrows

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śaravarṣa+andhakāra)

• śaravarṣa – shower of arrows
  noun (neuter)
• andhakāra – darkness
  noun (masculine)

Note: Describes the state of 'rathānīkam'.

चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - they made, they did

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (liṭ) of kṛ

perfect tense, active voice

Root kṛ (8th class), perfect tense (liṭ), 3rd person plural active form.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

क्रुद्धाः (kruddhāḥ) - enraged, angry

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kruddha

kruddha - enraged, angry

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root krudh (to be angry) with suffix -ta.

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'pārthāḥ'.

सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - from all sides, everywhere

(indeclinable)

संनिगृह्य (saṁnigṛhya) - having completely surrounded, having besieged

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root grah (to seize, grasp) with prefixes sam- and ni- and suffix -ya.

Prefixes: sam+ni

Root: grah (class 9)