महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-254, verse-2

तेषां ध्वजाग्राण्यभिवीक्ष्य राजा स्वयं दुरात्मा कुरुपुंगवानाम् ।
जयद्रथो याज्ञसेनीमुवाच रथे स्थितां भानुमतीं हतौजाः ॥२॥

2. teṣāṁ dhvajāgrāṇyabhivīkṣya rājā; svayaṁ durātmā kurupuṁgavānām ,
jayadratho yājñasenīmuvāca; rathe sthitāṁ bhānumatīṁ hataujāḥ.

2. teṣām dhvajāgrāṇi abhivīkṣya rājā
svayam durātmā kurupuṃgavānām
jayadrathaḥ yājñasenīm uvāca
rathe sthitām bhānumatīm hataujāḥ

2. Having observed the banner-tops of the best of the Kurus (Pāṇḍavas), King Jayadratha, who was wicked and whose spirit was broken, then spoke to Bhānumatī, who was seated in the chariot with Draupadī (Yājñasenī).

Words meanings summery:

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them (the Pāṇḍavas) (of them, their)

• ध्वजाग्राणि (dhvajāgrāṇi) - the tops of their banners (flag-tops, banner-tips)

• अभिवीक्ष्य (abhivīkṣya) - having observed (from a distance) (having seen, having observed)

• राजा (rājā) - the king (Jayadratha) (king, ruler)

• स्वयम् (svayam) - himself (oneself, himself, by himself)

• दुरात्मा (durātmā) - (Jayadratha) who was wicked (evil-minded, wicked, malicious person)

• कुरुपुंगवानाम् (kurupuṁgavānām) - of the best among the Kurus (referring to the Pāṇḍavas) (of the bulls among Kurus, of the best of Kurus)

• जयद्रथः (jayadrathaḥ) - King Jayadratha (Jayadratha (name of the King of Sindhu))

• याज्ञसेनीम् (yājñasenīm) - Draupadī (yājñasenī) (daughter of Yajñasena, Draupadī)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he (Jayadratha) spoke (he said, he spoke)

• रथे (rathe) - in the chariot (in the chariot, on the war-car)

• स्थिताम् (sthitām) - seated (in the chariot) (seated, standing, situated)

• भानुमतीम् (bhānumatīm) - Bhānumatī, Jayadratha's queen (Bhānumatī (name of Jayadratha's queen))

• हतौजाः (hataujāḥ) - (Jayadratha) whose spirit was broken (whose strength is lost, dispirited)

Words meanings and morphology

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them (the Pāṇḍavas) (of them, their)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

ध्वजाग्राणि (dhvajāgrāṇi) - the tops of their banners (flag-tops, banner-tips)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of dhvajāgra

dhvajāgra - tip of a banner, banner-top

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa (dhvaja+agra)

• dhvaja – flag, banner
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhvaj (class 1)
• agra – tip, top, front
  noun (neuter)

अभिवीक्ष्य (abhivīkṣya) - having observed (from a distance) (having seen, having observed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (lyap)

Formed from root √īkṣ with upasargas abhi- and vi-, and suffix -ya.

Prefixes: abhi+vi

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

राजा (rājā) - the king (Jayadratha) (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

स्वयम् (svayam) - himself (oneself, himself, by himself)

(indeclinable)

दुरात्मा (durātmā) - (Jayadratha) who was wicked (evil-minded, wicked, malicious person)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durātman

durātman - evil-minded, wicked, malicious person

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dur+ātman)

• dur – bad, evil, difficult
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, mind (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: This word is an epithet for Jayadratha.

कुरुपुंगवानाम् (kurupuṁgavānām) - of the best among the Kurus (referring to the Pāṇḍavas) (of the bulls among Kurus, of the best of Kurus)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kurupuṃgava

kurupuṁgava - bull among Kurus, best of Kurus

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa (kuru+puṃgava)

• kuru – a member of the Kuru dynasty
  proper noun (masculine)
• puṃgava – bull, chief, best
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies `teṣām`.

जयद्रथः (jayadrathaḥ) - King Jayadratha (Jayadratha (name of the King of Sindhu))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jayadratha

jayadratha - having a victorious chariot, Jayadratha

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (jaya+ratha)

• jaya – victory
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ji (class 1)
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ramh (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

याज्ञसेनीम् (yājñasenīm) - Draupadī (yājñasenī) (daughter of Yajñasena, Draupadī)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of yājñasenī

yājñasenī - daughter of Yajñasena (Draupadī)

Derived from Yajñasena with female suffix -ī.

उवाच (uvāca) - he (Jayadratha) spoke (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of uvāca

Perfect (liṭ)

3rd person, singular, active voice.

Root: vac (class 2)

रथे (rathe) - in the chariot (in the chariot, on the war-car)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Root: ramh (class 1)

स्थिताम् (sthitām) - seated (in the chariot) (seated, standing, situated)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sthita

√sthā - to stand, to be, to remain

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root √sthā with suffix -ta.

Root: sthā (class 1)

भानुमतीम् (bhānumatīm) - Bhānumatī, Jayadratha's queen (Bhānumatī (name of Jayadratha's queen))

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of bhānumatī

bhānumatī - radiant, shining (feminine), name of Jayadratha's wife

Derived from bhānu (light, sun) + -matī (possessive suffix, feminine).

हतौजाः (hataujāḥ) - (Jayadratha) whose spirit was broken (whose strength is lost, dispirited)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hatojas

hatojas - whose strength/vitality is destroyed/lost

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hata+ojas)

• hata – struck, killed, destroyed, lost
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √han (to strike, kill, destroy)
  Root: han (class 2)
• ojas – strength, vitality, spirit
  noun (neuter)
  Root: uj (class 7)