महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-233, verse-11

ततस्तान्युधि दुर्धर्षः सव्यसाची परंतपः ।
सान्त्वपूर्वमिदं वाक्यमुवाच खचरान्रणे ॥११॥

11. tatastānyudhi durdharṣaḥ savyasācī paraṁtapaḥ ,
sāntvapūrvamidaṁ vākyamuvāca khacarānraṇe.

11. tataḥ tān yudhi durdharṣaḥ savyasācī paraṃtapaḥ
sāntvapūrvam idam vākyam uvāca khacarān raṇe

11. Then, the irresistible Arjuna (Savyasācī), the tormentor of foes (Paraṃtapa), spoke these conciliatory words to those Gandharvas (khacaras) in the battlefield.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, afterwards

• तान् (tān) - referring to the Gandharva soldiers (those)

• युधि (yudhi) - on the battlefield (in battle, in fight)

• दुर्धर्षः (durdharṣaḥ) - Referring to Arjuna (Savyasācī) (irresistible, unconquerable, difficult to overcome)

• सव्यसाची (savyasācī) - Arjuna (ambidextrous, Savyasācī (an epithet of Arjuna))

• परंतपः (paraṁtapaḥ) - Referring to Arjuna (tormentor of foes, subduer of enemies)

• सान्त्वपूर्वम् (sāntvapūrvam) - Describing the nature of the words spoken (conciliatory, preceded by conciliation/gentle words)

• इदम् (idam) - this, these

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, speech, statement

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

• खचरान् (khacarān) - to the Gandharva soldiers (to the sky-goers, to the Gandharvas)

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in the fight

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, afterwards

(indeclinable)

From pronoun tad + suffix tas.

Note: Adverb of time.

तान् (tān) - referring to the Gandharva soldiers (those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Object of uvāca.

युधि (yudhi) - on the battlefield (in battle, in fight)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of yudh

yudh - battle, fight, war

Also a verb root, but here used as a noun.

दुर्धर्षः (durdharṣaḥ) - Referring to Arjuna (Savyasācī) (irresistible, unconquerable, difficult to overcome)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durdharṣa

durdharṣa - irresistible, unassailable, formidable

From prefix dur + root dhṛṣ (to be bold, daring).

Prefix: dur

Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)

Note: Qualifies Savyasācī.

सव्यसाची (savyasācī) - Arjuna (ambidextrous, Savyasācī (an epithet of Arjuna))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of savyasācin

savyasācin - one who can shoot with the left hand, ambidextrous, an epithet of Arjuna

From savya (left) + sācin (shooter).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (savya+sācin)

• savya – left (hand), left side
  adjective (masculine)
• sācin – shooter, user
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  Agent noun formed with suffix in from a verbal sense related to 'shooting' or 'wielding' (implied from context, often associated with arrows, sāyaka).

Note: Subject of uvāca.

परंतपः (paraṁtapaḥ) - Referring to Arjuna (tormentor of foes, subduer of enemies)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paraṃtapa

paraṁtapa - tormentor of foes, subduer of enemies

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (param+tapa)

• param – other, enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• tapa – burning, tormenting, heating
  noun (masculine)
  From root tap (to heat, burn, torment).
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Used as an epithet for Arjuna.

सान्त्वपूर्वम् (sāntvapūrvam) - Describing the nature of the words spoken (conciliatory, preceded by conciliation/gentle words)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sāntvapūrva

sāntvapūrva - preceded by gentle words, conciliatory, polite

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sāntva+pūrva)

• sāntva – conciliation, gentle word, soothing
  noun (neuter)
• pūrva – before, prior, first
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with vākyam.

इदम् (idam) - this, these

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, these (proximate demonstrative)

Note: Qualifies vākyam.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, speech, statement

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - word, speech, sentence, statement

From root vac (to speak) + ya suffix.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of uvāca.

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect (lit)

Perfect tense form of root vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Subject is Savyasācī.

खचरान् (khacarān) - to the Gandharva soldiers (to the sky-goers, to the Gandharvas)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of khacara

khacara - sky-goer, moving in the air, a Gandharva, a bird

From kha (sky, space) + cara (moving).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kha+cara)

• kha – sky, space, ether
  noun (neuter)
• cara – moving, going, a mover
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  From root car (to move, go).
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Direct object of speech.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in the fight

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, conflict

From root raṇ (to rejoice, sound).

Root: raṇ (class 1)