महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-215, verse-1

मार्कण्डेय उवाच ।
ऋषयस्तु महाघोरान्दृष्ट्वोत्पातान्पृथग्विधान् ।
अकुर्वञ्शान्तिमुद्विग्ना लोकानां लोकभावनाः ॥१॥

1. mārkaṇḍeya uvāca ,
ṛṣayastu mahāghorāndṛṣṭvotpātānpṛthagvidhān ,
akurvañśāntimudvignā lokānāṁ lokabhāvanāḥ.

1. mārkaṇḍeyaḥ uvāca ṛṣayaḥ tu mahāghorān dṛṣṭvā utpātān
pṛthagvidhān akurvan śāntim udvignāḥ lokānām lokabhāvanāḥ

1. Mārkaṇḍeya said: But the sages, seeing very dreadful portents of various kinds, became anxious. As protectors of the worlds, they performed propitiatory rites for the people.

Words meanings summery:

• मार्कण्डेयः (mārkaṇḍeyaḥ) - Mārkaṇḍeya (a sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - sages, seers, rishis

• तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

• महाघोरान् (mahāghorān) - very dreadful, extremely terrible

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, seeing

• उत्पातान् (utpātān) - portents, omens, calamities

• पृथग्विधान् (pṛthagvidhān) - of various kinds, diverse, manifold

• अकुर्वन् (akurvan) - they did, they performed

• शान्तिम् (śāntim) - peace, propitiation, calming rite

• उद्विग्नाः (udvignāḥ) - anxious, agitated, disturbed

• लोकानाम् (lokānām) - of the worlds, of the people

• लोकभावनाः (lokabhāvanāḥ) - fostering the worlds, protecting the people

Words meanings and morphology

मार्कण्डेयः (mārkaṇḍeyaḥ) - Mārkaṇḍeya (a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mārkaṇḍeya

mārkaṇḍeya - Mārkaṇḍeya (name of an ancient sage)

Note: Speaker of the verse.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense

3rd person singular perfect of √vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - sages, seers, rishis

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer, inspired poet

Note: Subject of `akurvan`.

तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a slight contrast or emphasis.

महाघोरान् (mahāghorān) - very dreadful, extremely terrible

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of mahāghora

mahāghora - very dreadful, extremely terrible

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ghora)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• ghora – dreadful, terrible, fierce, awful
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Modifies `utpātān`.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, seeing

(indeclinable)

Gerund (absolutive)

Derived from √dṛś (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

उत्पातान् (utpātān) - portents, omens, calamities

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of utpāta

utpāta - portent, omen, calamity, sudden event

Note: Object of `dṛṣṭvā`.

पृथग्विधान् (pṛthagvidhān) - of various kinds, diverse, manifold

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pṛthagvidha

pṛthagvidha - of various kinds, diverse, manifold

Compound type : karmadhāraya (pṛthak+vidha)

• pṛthak – separate, distinct, diverse
  indeclinable
• vidha – kind, sort, type
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies `utpātān`.

अकुर्वन् (akurvan) - they did, they performed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of kṛ

Imperfect tense

3rd person plural imperfect of √kṛ (to do)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: The prefix 'a' is an augment for imperfect tense.

शान्तिम् (śāntim) - peace, propitiation, calming rite

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śānti

śānti - peace, tranquility, cessation, propitiatory rite

Note: Object of `akurvan`.

उद्विग्नाः (udvignāḥ) - anxious, agitated, disturbed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of udvigna

udvigna - anxious, agitated, disturbed, alarmed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from ud-√vij (to tremble, to be agitated)

Prefix: ud

Root: vij (class 6)

Note: Here qualifying `ṛṣayaḥ`.

लोकानाम् (lokānām) - of the worlds, of the people

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of loka

loka - world, people, realm, community

Note: 'for the benefit of the worlds/people'.

लोकभावनाः (lokabhāvanāḥ) - fostering the worlds, protecting the people

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of lokabhāvana

lokabhāvana - fostering the worlds, protecting the people, nourishing the universe

Compound type : upapada tatpurusha (loka+bhāvana)

• loka – world, people, realm
  noun (masculine)
• bhāvana – causing to be, promoting, fostering, cherishing
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/Adjective from √bhū (to be) via causative
  Derived from causative of √bhū (bhāvaya) + ana suffix
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Here qualifying `ṛṣayaḥ` as their attribute.