महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-139, verse-22

अनेन तु गुरून्दुःखात्तोषयित्वा स्वकर्मणा ।
कालेन महता क्लेशाद्ब्रह्माधिगतमुत्तमम् ॥२२॥

22. anena tu gurūnduḥkhāttoṣayitvā svakarmaṇā ,
kālena mahatā kleśādbrahmādhigatamuttamam.

22. anena tu gurūn duḥkhāt toṣayitvā svakarmaṇā
kālena mahatā kleśāt brahma adhigatam uttamam

22. However, through his own actions (karma), having satisfied his preceptors (guru) who were in distress, the supreme knowledge (brahman) was attained by him with great difficulty over a long period.

Words meanings summery:

• अनेन (anena) - by this (person, implying someone other than Yavakrīta, e.g., Parāvasu) (by this (person/thing))

• तु (tu) - but, however (introduces a contrast) (but, however, on the other hand)

• गुरून् (gurūn) - preceptors (guru) (preceptors, teachers (guru))

• दुःखात् (duḥkhāt) - from distress (caused to them) (from distress, from sorrow, from suffering)

• तोषयित्वा (toṣayitvā) - having satisfied (having pleased, having satisfied)

• स्वकर्मणा (svakarmaṇā) - by his own action (karma) (by one's own action, by one's own deed (karma))

• कालेन (kālena) - over a period of time, by time (by time, in time)

• महता (mahatā) - by a long (time) (by great, by much)

• क्लेशात् (kleśāt) - from effort, with difficulty (from effort, from trouble, from affliction)

• ब्रह्म (brahma) - the (Vedic) knowledge (brahman) (the Vedas, sacred knowledge, Brahman)

• अधिगतम् (adhigatam) - was attained, acquired (attained, acquired, understood)

• उत्तमम् (uttamam) - the best, supreme (best, highest, supreme)

Words meanings and morphology

अनेन (anena) - by this (person, implying someone other than Yavakrīta, e.g., Parāvasu) (by this (person/thing))

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Indicates the agent of the actions, 'toṣayitvā' and 'adhigatam'.

तु (tu) - but, however (introduces a contrast) (but, however, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

Particle expressing contrast or emphasis.

गुरून् (gurūn) - preceptors (guru) (preceptors, teachers (guru))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of guru

guru - teacher, preceptor, venerable, heavy, important (guru)

Root: gṛ

Note: Object of 'toṣayitvā'.

दुःखात् (duḥkhāt) - from distress (caused to them) (from distress, from sorrow, from suffering)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, sorrow, pain, distress, unhappiness

Compound of 'dus' (bad) and 'kha' (opening, space), meaning 'bad space' or 'unease'.

Note: Indicates the source or cause of the satisfaction.

तोषयित्वा (toṣayitvā) - having satisfied (having pleased, having satisfied)

(indeclinable (absolutive))

स्वकर्मणा (svakarmaṇā) - by his own action (karma) (by one's own action, by one's own deed (karma))

(compound noun)

Compound type : tatpurusha (sva+karman)

• sva – own, self
  adjective/pronoun (masculine)
• karman – action, deed, ritual, fate (karma)
  noun (neuter)
  From the root √kṛ (to do).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Instrument of satisfying the preceptors.

कालेन (kālena) - over a period of time, by time (by time, in time)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season, death

From the root √kal (to calculate, to move).

Root: kal (class 10)

Note: Indicates duration or passage of time.

महता (mahatā) - by a long (time) (by great, by much)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, extensive, important

From the root √mah (to be great).

Root: mah (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'kālena'.

क्लेशात् (kleśāt) - from effort, with difficulty (from effort, from trouble, from affliction)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of kleśa

kleśa - pain, distress, trouble, affliction, effort

From the root √kliś (to suffer).

Root: kliś (class 9)

Note: Indicates the cause or manner of attainment.

ब्रह्म (brahma) - the (Vedic) knowledge (brahman) (the Vedas, sacred knowledge, Brahman)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of brahman

brahman - Vedas, sacred knowledge, ultimate reality, the Absolute (brahman), prayer

From the root √bṛh (to grow, to expand).

Root: bṛh (class 1)

Note: Subject of the passive verb implied by 'adhigatam'.

अधिगतम् (adhigatam) - was attained, acquired (attained, acquired, understood)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of adhigata

adhigata - attained, acquired, understood, gone to

Past Passive Participle

From the root √gam (to go, to obtain), with prefix adhi.

Prefix: adhi

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'brahma'.

उत्तमम् (uttamam) - the best, supreme (best, highest, supreme)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of uttama

uttama - best, highest, excellent, principal, supreme

Superlative form, from the root 'ud' (upwards).

Note: Agrees with 'brahma' and 'adhigatam'.