महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-139, verse-20

समधीतं मया ब्रह्म व्रतानि चरितानि च ।
कथं नु रैभ्यः शक्तो मामधीयानं तपस्विनम् ।
तथायुक्तेन विधिना निहन्तुममरोत्तमाः ॥२०॥

20. samadhītaṁ mayā brahma vratāni caritāni ca ,
kathaṁ nu raibhyaḥ śakto māmadhīyānaṁ tapasvinam ,
tathāyuktena vidhinā nihantumamarottamāḥ.

20. samadhītam mayā brahma vratāni
caritāni ca katham nu raibhyaḥ śaktaḥ
mām adhīyānam tapasvinam
tathāyuktena vidhinā nihantum amarottamāḥ

20. I have thoroughly studied the Vedas (brahman) and observed my vows. How then, O best of immortals, can Raibhya possibly kill me, who am engaged in study and austerities, using such a method?

Words meanings summery:

• समधीतम् (samadhītam) - well-studied, thoroughly learned

• मया (mayā) - by me

• ब्रह्म (brahma) - the Vedas, sacred knowledge (brahman) (the Vedas, sacred knowledge, Brahman)

• व्रतानि (vratāni) - vows, religious observances (vows, sacred observances, religious duties)

• चरितानि (caritāni) - observed, practiced (performed, observed, practiced)

• च (ca) - and

• कथम् (katham) - how, how is it possible (how, in what manner, why)

• नु (nu) - then (introduces a question or expresses doubt) (indeed, then, now, surely)

• रैभ्यः (raibhyaḥ) - the sage Raibhya (Raibhya (a proper name))

• शक्तः (śaktaḥ) - capable, able (capable, able, strong)

• माम् (mām) - me (referring to Yavakrīta) (me)

• अधीयानम् (adhīyānam) - studying (the Vedas) (studying, learning)

• तपस्विनम् (tapasvinam) - one who practices austerities (ascetic, performer of austerities)

• तथायुक्तेन (tathāyuktena) - by such a method, in such a manner (thus connected, thus joined, thus equipped, in such a way)

• विधिना (vidhinā) - by such a method (by method, by rule, by injunction)

• निहन्तुम् (nihantum) - to kill (to kill, to destroy)

• अमरोत्तमाः (amarottamāḥ) - O best of the gods (O best of immortals, O best of gods)

Words meanings and morphology

समधीतम् (samadhītam) - well-studied, thoroughly learned

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of samadhīta

samadhīta - well-studied, thoroughly learned, mastered

Past Passive Participle

From the root √i (to go, to learn), with prefixes sam and adhi.

Prefixes: sam+adhi

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'brahma'.

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Agent of the passive actions 'samadhītam' and 'caritāni'.

ब्रह्म (brahma) - the Vedas, sacred knowledge (brahman) (the Vedas, sacred knowledge, Brahman)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of brahman

brahman - Vedas, sacred knowledge, ultimate reality, the Absolute (brahman), prayer

From the root √bṛh (to grow, to expand).

Root: bṛh (class 1)

Note: Subject of the passive verb implied by 'samadhītam'.

व्रतानि (vratāni) - vows, religious observances (vows, sacred observances, religious duties)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of vrata

vrata - vow, religious observance, duty, sacred rule

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Subject of the implied passive action 'caritāni'.

चरितानि (caritāni) - observed, practiced (performed, observed, practiced)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of carita

carita - performed, practiced, observed; conduct, deed

Past Passive Participle

From the root √car (to move, to practice, to perform).

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'vratāni'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

कथम् (katham) - how, how is it possible (how, in what manner, why)

(indeclinable)

From the interrogative stem ka and the suffix -thā, indicating manner.

नु (nu) - then (introduces a question or expresses doubt) (indeed, then, now, surely)

(indeclinable)

रैभ्यः (raibhyaḥ) - the sage Raibhya (Raibhya (a proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of raibhya

raibhya - Raibhya (name of a sage)

Note: Subject of 'śaktaḥ'.

शक्तः (śaktaḥ) - capable, able (capable, able, strong)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakta

śakta - capable, able, mighty, powerful, having power

Past Passive Participle

From the root √śak (to be able).

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'raibhyaḥ'.

माम् (mām) - me (referring to Yavakrīta) (me)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Object of the infinitive 'nihantum'.

अधीयानम् (adhīyānam) - studying (the Vedas) (studying, learning)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of adhīyāna

adhīyāna - studying, learning, reading

Present Middle Participle

From the root √i (to go, to learn), with prefix adhi. Formed with the śānac suffix.

Prefix: adhi

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'mām'.

तपस्विनम् (tapasvinam) - one who practices austerities (ascetic, performer of austerities)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tapasvin

tapasvin - ascetic, devotee, performer of austerities (tapas)

Derived from tapas (austerity) with the suffix -vin (possessor).

Note: Qualifies 'mām'.

तथायुक्तेन (tathāyuktena) - by such a method, in such a manner (thus connected, thus joined, thus equipped, in such a way)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tathāyukta

tathāyukta - thus endowed, thus connected, equipped in such a way

Compound of tathā (thus) and yukta (joined, endowed, employed).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (tathā+yukta)

• tathā – thus, in that way, so
  indeclinable
• yukta – joined, yoked, equipped, engaged, appropriate
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From the root √yuj (to join, to unite).
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Qualifies 'vidhinā'.

विधिना (vidhinā) - by such a method (by method, by rule, by injunction)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vidhi

vidhi - rule, method, injunction, destiny, divine ordinance

From the root √dhā (to place, to arrange), with prefix vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Instrument of killing.

निहन्तुम् (nihantum) - to kill (to kill, to destroy)

(verb (infinitive))

Note: Expresses purpose.

अमरोत्तमाः (amarottamāḥ) - O best of the gods (O best of immortals, O best of gods)

(compound noun)

Compound type : tatpurusha (amara+uttama)

• amara – immortal, god, deity
  noun (masculine)
  From 'a' (not) and 'mara' (dying).
  Root: mṛ (class 6)
• uttama – best, highest, excellent, principal
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative form, from the root 'ud' (upwards).

Note: Addressed to the gods.