महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-139, verse-21

देवा ऊचुः ।
मैवं कृथा यवक्रीत यथा वदसि वै मुने ।
ऋते गुरुमधीता हि सुखं वेदास्त्वया पुरा ॥२१॥

21. devā ūcuḥ ,
maivaṁ kṛthā yavakrīta yathā vadasi vai mune ,
ṛte gurumadhītā hi sukhaṁ vedāstvayā purā.

21. devāḥ ūcuḥ mā evam kṛthāḥ yavakrīta yathā vadasi vai
mune ṛte gurum adhītāḥ hi sukham vedāḥ tvayā purā

21. The gods said: "O Yavakrīta, do not act in this manner, as you speak, O sage. For indeed, you previously studied the Vedas easily without a preceptor (guru)."

Words meanings summery:

• देवाः (devāḥ) - the gods (gods, deities)

• ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - they said (they said, they spoke)

• मा (mā) - do not (not, do not)

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this way (thus, in this manner, so)

• कृथाः (kṛthāḥ) - you should do/act (you (should) do, you (should) make)

• यवक्रीत (yavakrīta) - O Yavakrīta (Yavakrīta (a proper name))

• यथा (yathā) - as, in the manner that (as, just as, in what manner)

• वदसि (vadasi) - you speak (about yourself or your situation) (you speak, you say)

• वै (vai) - indeed, truly (an emphatic particle) (indeed, truly, surely)

• मुने (mune) - O sage (referring to Yavakrīta) (O sage, O ascetic)

• ऋते (ṛte) - without (without, except for)

• गुरुम् (gurum) - a preceptor (guru) (teacher, preceptor, (guru))

• अधीताः (adhītāḥ) - studied (studied, learned)

• हि (hi) - for, indeed (for, indeed, because)

• सुखम् (sukham) - easily (easily, happily, joyfully)

• वेदाः (vedāḥ) - the Vedas (the Vedas, sacred texts)

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you (Yavakrīta) (by you)

• पुरा (purā) - previously, in the past (formerly, previously, in ancient times)

Words meanings and morphology

देवाः (devāḥ) - the gods (gods, deities)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity, divine being

From the root √div (to shine).

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'ūcuḥ'.

ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - they said (they said, they spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Tense

Perfect 3rd person plural active of the root √vac. Irregular formation.

Root: vac (class 2)

मा (mā) - do not (not, do not)

(indeclinable)

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this way (thus, in this manner, so)

(indeclinable)

कृथाः (kṛthāḥ) - you should do/act (you (should) do, you (should) make)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, aorist imperative (luṅ) of kṛ

Aorist Middle Imperative

Aorist 2nd person singular middle form of the root √kṛ. Used with 'mā' for prohibition.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: With 'mā' forms a prohibitive injunction.

यवक्रीत (yavakrīta) - O Yavakrīta (Yavakrīta (a proper name))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of yavakrīta

yavakrīta - Yavakrīta (name of a sage, son of Bharadvāja)

Note: Addressed directly.

यथा (yathā) - as, in the manner that (as, just as, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

From the interrogative stem ya and the suffix -thā, indicating manner.

वदसि (vadasi) - you speak (about yourself or your situation) (you speak, you say)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (lat) of vad

Present Indicative

Present 2nd person singular active form of the root √vad.

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Refers to Yavakrīta's previous statement.

वै (vai) - indeed, truly (an emphatic particle) (indeed, truly, surely)

(indeclinable)

मुने (mune) - O sage (referring to Yavakrīta) (O sage, O ascetic)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of muni

muni - sage, ascetic, silent one, seer

Related to the root √man (to think).

Root: man (class 4)

ऋते (ṛte) - without (without, except for)

(indeclinable)

Functions as a preposition, typically taking the accusative or ablative case.

गुरुम् (gurum) - a preceptor (guru) (teacher, preceptor, (guru))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of guru

guru - teacher, preceptor, venerable, heavy, important (guru)

Root: gṛ

Note: Object of the preposition 'ṛte'.

अधीताः (adhītāḥ) - studied (studied, learned)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of adhīta

adhīta - studied, learned, read

Past Passive Participle

From the root √i (to go, to learn), with prefix adhi.

Prefix: adhi

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'vedāḥ'.

हि (hi) - for, indeed (for, indeed, because)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction or emphatic particle.

सुखम् (sukham) - easily (easily, happily, joyfully)

(indeclinable)

Compound of 'su' (good) and 'kha' (opening, space), meaning 'good space' or 'comfort'.

Note: Used here adverbially, modifying 'adhītāḥ'.

वेदाः (vedāḥ) - the Vedas (the Vedas, sacred texts)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of veda

veda - Veda, sacred knowledge, knowledge

From the root √vid (to know).

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Subject of the passive action 'adhītāḥ'.

त्वया (tvayā) - by you (Yavakrīta) (by you)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of tvam

tvam - you

Note: Agent of the passive action 'adhītāḥ'.

पुरा (purā) - previously, in the past (formerly, previously, in ancient times)

(indeclinable)

Adverb of time.