महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-129, verse-21

यत्र स्नात्वा नरश्रेष्ठ धूतपाप्मा भविष्यति ।
इह सारस्वतैर्यज्ञैरिष्टवन्तः सुरर्षयः ।
ऋषयश्चैव कौन्तेय तथा राजर्षयोऽपि च ॥२१॥

21. yatra snātvā naraśreṣṭha dhūtapāpmā bhaviṣyati ,
iha sārasvatairyajñairiṣṭavantaḥ surarṣayaḥ ,
ṛṣayaścaiva kaunteya tathā rājarṣayo'pi ca.

21. yatra snātvā naraśreṣṭha dhūtapāpmā
bhaviṣyati | iha sārasvataiḥ yajñaiḥ
iṣṭavantaḥ surarṣayaḥ | ṛṣayaḥ ca
eva kaunteya tathā rājarṣayaḥ api ca

21. O best of men (naraśreṣṭha), having bathed there, one will become free from sin (dhūtapāpmā). Here, divine sages (surarṣayaḥ) performed sacrifices (yajñaiḥ) in honor of Sarasvatī. And indeed, O son of Kuntī (kaunteya), the ordinary sages (ṛṣayaḥ) and the royal sages (rājarṣayaḥ) also (performed such sacrifices).

Words meanings summery:

• यत्र (yatra) - where, in which place

• स्नात्वा (snātvā) - having bathed

• नरश्रेष्ठ (naraśreṣṭha) - Vocative address, likely to Yudhiṣṭhira. (O best of men)

• धूतपाप्मा (dhūtapāpmā) - Describes the person who bathes there. (one whose sins are shaken off, cleansed of sin, purified from evil)

• भविष्यति (bhaviṣyati) - he/she/it will be, will become

• इह (iha) - Refers to the site of Sarasvatī. (here, in this place)

• सारस्वतैः (sārasvataiḥ) - Qualifies 'yajñaiḥ'. (by Sarasvatī-related, relating to Sarasvatī)

• यज्ञैः (yajñaiḥ) - by sacrifices, with offerings

• इष्टवन्तः (iṣṭavantaḥ) - Refers to 'surarṣayaḥ', 'ṛṣayaḥ', and 'rājarṣayaḥ'. (they having sacrificed, they having worshipped)

• सुरर्षयः (surarṣayaḥ) - divine sages, gods and sages

• ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - sages, seers

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - Emphasizes the preceding word. (indeed, just, only)

• कौन्तेय (kaunteya) - Vocative address to Yudhiṣṭhira (or Arjuna, Bhīma). In this context, it is Yudhiṣṭhira, to whom Lomaśa is speaking. (O son of Kuntī)

• तथा (tathā) - Connects the list of sages. (likewise, thus, and)

• राजर्षयः (rājarṣayaḥ) - royal sages, kingly sages

• अपि (api) - Emphasizes that royal sages also performed sacrifices. (also, even, too)

• च (ca) - Joins 'ṛṣayaḥ' and 'rājarṣayaḥ'. (and, also)

Words meanings and morphology

यत्र (yatra) - where, in which place

(indeclinable)

स्नात्वा (snātvā) - having bathed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed with suffix -tvā.

Root: snā (class 2)

नरश्रेष्ठ (naraśreṣṭha) - Vocative address, likely to Yudhiṣṭhira. (O best of men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of naraśreṣṭha

naraśreṣṭha - best among men, foremost of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+śreṣṭha)

• nara – man, person, human being
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nṛ
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent, supreme
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative of praśasya (excellent).
  Root: praśas

धूतपाप्मा (dhūtapāpmā) - Describes the person who bathes there. (one whose sins are shaken off, cleansed of sin, purified from evil)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhūtapāpman

dhūtapāpman - one whose sins are shaken off, purified from evil

Formed by 'dhūta' (shaken off, cleansed, PPP from √dhū) and 'pāpman' (sin).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhūta+pāpman)

• dhūta – shaken off, removed, cleansed
  adjective (Past Passive Participle) (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root '√dhū' (to shake, to agitate, to remove).
  Root: dhū (class 5)
• pāpman – sin, evil, guilt
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to the implied person.

भविष्यति (bhaviṣyati) - he/she/it will be, will become

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of bhaviṣyati

Future active indicative

From root '√bhū' (class 1, bhava- stem), future suffix -iṣya.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: The subject is the implied person who bathes.

इह (iha) - Refers to the site of Sarasvatī. (here, in this place)

(indeclinable)

सारस्वतैः (sārasvataiḥ) - Qualifies 'yajñaiḥ'. (by Sarasvatī-related, relating to Sarasvatī)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sārasvata

sārasvata - relating to Sarasvatī, Sarasvata, aquatic, pertaining to a lake

Derived from Sarasvatī + aṇ suffix.

Note: Agrees with 'yajñaiḥ'.

यज्ञैः (yajñaiḥ) - by sacrifices, with offerings

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of yajña

yajña - sacrifice, offering, worship, ritual

From root '√yaj' (to sacrifice).

Root: yaj (class 1)

इष्टवन्तः (iṣṭavantaḥ) - Refers to 'surarṣayaḥ', 'ṛṣayaḥ', and 'rājarṣayaḥ'. (they having sacrificed, they having worshipped)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of iṣṭavat

iṣṭavat - having sacrificed, having worshipped, having desired

Past Active Participle

Formed from '√yaj' (to sacrifice, to worship) or '√iṣ' (to desire), with suffix -vat. '√yaj' past passive participle 'iṣṭa'.

Root: yaj (class 1)

Note: Acts as the main verb in the clause.

सुरर्षयः (surarṣayaḥ) - divine sages, gods and sages

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of surarṣi

surarṣi - divine sage, a sage who is a god, a god and a sage

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sura+ṛṣi)

• sura – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣi – sage, seer, inspired poet
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛṣ (class 6)

ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - sages, seers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer, inspired poet

Root: ṛṣ (class 6)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

एव (eva) - Emphasizes the preceding word. (indeed, just, only)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

कौन्तेय (kaunteya) - Vocative address to Yudhiṣṭhira (or Arjuna, Bhīma). In this context, it is Yudhiṣṭhira, to whom Lomaśa is speaking. (O son of Kuntī)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kaunteya

kaunteya - son of Kuntī, descendant of Kuntī

Patronymic from Kuntī.

तथा (tathā) - Connects the list of sages. (likewise, thus, and)

(indeclinable)

राजर्षयः (rājarṣayaḥ) - royal sages, kingly sages

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājarṣi

rājarṣi - royal sage, kingly sage (a king who is also a sage)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (rājan+ṛṣi)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj
• ṛṣi – sage, seer, inspired poet
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛṣ (class 6)

अपि (api) - Emphasizes that royal sages also performed sacrifices. (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

particle

च (ca) - Joins 'ṛṣayaḥ' and 'rājarṣayaḥ'. (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.