महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-129, verse-21

home » Scriptures Library » Mahabharata

View complete chapter

यत्र स्नात्वा नरश्रेष्ठ धूतपाप्मा भविष्यति ।
इह सारस्वतैर्यज्ञैरिष्टवन्तः सुरर्षयः ।
ऋषयश्चैव कौन्तेय तथा राजर्षयोऽपि च ॥२१॥

21. yatra snātvā naraśreṣṭha dhūtapāpmā bhaviṣyati ,
iha sārasvatairyajñairiṣṭavantaḥ surarṣayaḥ ,
ṛṣayaścaiva kaunteya tathā rājarṣayo'pi ca.

21. yatra snātvā naraśreṣṭha dhūtapāpmā
bhaviṣyati | iha sārasvataiḥ yajñaiḥ
iṣṭavantaḥ surarṣayaḥ | ṛṣayaḥ ca
eva kaunteya tathā rājarṣayaḥ api ca

21. O best of men (naraśreṣṭha), having bathed there, one will become free from sin (dhūtapāpmā). Here, divine sages (surarṣayaḥ) performed sacrifices (yajñaiḥ) in honor of Sarasvatī. And indeed, O son of Kuntī (kaunteya), the ordinary sages (ṛṣayaḥ) and the royal sages (rājarṣayaḥ) also (performed such sacrifices).

21. הו מיטב האנשים, מי שמתרחץ שם יטוהר מחטאיו. כאן ערכו טקסים וודיים מסוג סַרַסְוַטַה החוזים השמימיים, וגם החוזים, הו בן קוּנְטִי, וגם מלכים חוזים.

Words meanings summery:

(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)

यत्र (yatra) - where, in which place

स्नात्वा (snātvā) - having bathed

नरश्रेष्ठ (naraśreṣṭha) - Vocative address, likely to Yudhiṣṭhira. (O best of men)

धूतपाप्मा (dhūtapāpmā) - Describes the person who bathes there. (one whose sins are shaken off, cleansed of sin, purified from evil)

भविष्यति (bhaviṣyati) - he/she/it will be, will become

इह (iha) - Refers to the site of Sarasvatī. (here, in this place)

सारस्वतैः (sārasvataiḥ) - Qualifies 'yajñaiḥ'. (by Sarasvatī-related, relating to Sarasvatī)

यज्ञैः (yajñaiḥ) - by sacrifices, with offerings

इष्टवन्तः (iṣṭavantaḥ) - Refers to 'surarṣayaḥ', 'ṛṣayaḥ', and 'rājarṣayaḥ'. (they having sacrificed, they having worshipped)

सुरर्षयः (surarṣayaḥ) - divine sages, gods and sages

ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - sages, seers

च (ca) - and, also

एव (eva) - Emphasizes the preceding word. (indeed, just, only)

कौन्तेय (kaunteya) - Vocative address to Yudhiṣṭhira (or Arjuna, Bhīma). In this context, it is Yudhiṣṭhira, to whom Lomaśa is speaking. (O son of Kuntī)

तथा (tathā) - Connects the list of sages. (likewise, thus, and)

राजर्षयः (rājarṣayaḥ) - royal sages, kingly sages

अपि (api) - Emphasizes that royal sages also performed sacrifices. (also, even, too)

च (ca) - Joins 'ṛṣayaḥ' and 'rājarṣayaḥ'. (and, also)

Words meanings and morphology

यत्र (yatra) - where, in which place

(indeclinable)

स्नात्वा (snātvā) - having bathed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed with suffix -tvā.

Root: snā (class 2)

नरश्रेष्ठ (naraśreṣṭha) - Vocative address, likely to Yudhiṣṭhira. (O best of men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of naraśreṣṭha

naraśreṣṭha - best among men, foremost of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+śreṣṭha)

nara – man, person, human being
noun (masculine)
Root: nṛ
śreṣṭha – best, most excellent, supreme
adjective (masculine)
Superlative of praśasya (excellent).
Root: praśas

धूतपाप्मा (dhūtapāpmā) - Describes the person who bathes there. (one whose sins are shaken off, cleansed of sin, purified from evil)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhūtapāpman

dhūtapāpman - one whose sins are shaken off, purified from evil

Formed by 'dhūta' (shaken off, cleansed, PPP from √dhū) and 'pāpman' (sin).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhūta+pāpman)

dhūta – shaken off, removed, cleansed
adjective (Past Passive Participle) (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
From root '√dhū' (to shake, to agitate, to remove).
Root: dhū (class 5)
pāpman – sin, evil, guilt
noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to the implied person.

भविष्यति (bhaviṣyati) - he/she/it will be, will become

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of bhaviṣyati

Future active indicative

From root '√bhū' (class 1, bhava- stem), future suffix -iṣya.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: The subject is the implied person who bathes.

इह (iha) - Refers to the site of Sarasvatī. (here, in this place)

(indeclinable)

सारस्वतैः (sārasvataiḥ) - Qualifies 'yajñaiḥ'. (by Sarasvatī-related, relating to Sarasvatī)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sārasvata

sārasvata - relating to Sarasvatī, Sarasvata, aquatic, pertaining to a lake

Derived from Sarasvatī + aṇ suffix.

Note: Agrees with 'yajñaiḥ'.

यज्ञैः (yajñaiḥ) - by sacrifices, with offerings

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of yajña

yajña - sacrifice, offering, worship, ritual

From root '√yaj' (to sacrifice).

Root: yaj (class 1)

इष्टवन्तः (iṣṭavantaḥ) - Refers to 'surarṣayaḥ', 'ṛṣayaḥ', and 'rājarṣayaḥ'. (they having sacrificed, they having worshipped)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of iṣṭavat

iṣṭavat - having sacrificed, having worshipped, having desired

Past Active Participle

Formed from '√yaj' (to sacrifice, to worship) or '√iṣ' (to desire), with suffix -vat. '√yaj' past passive participle 'iṣṭa'.

Root: yaj (class 1)

Note: Acts as the main verb in the clause.

सुरर्षयः (surarṣayaḥ) - divine sages, gods and sages

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of surarṣi

surarṣi - divine sage, a sage who is a god, a god and a sage

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sura+ṛṣi)

sura – god, deity
noun (masculine)
ṛṣi – sage, seer, inspired poet
noun (masculine)
Root: ṛṣ (class 6)

ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - sages, seers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer, inspired poet

Root: ṛṣ (class 6)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

एव (eva) - Emphasizes the preceding word. (indeed, just, only)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

कौन्तेय (kaunteya) - Vocative address to Yudhiṣṭhira (or Arjuna, Bhīma). In this context, it is Yudhiṣṭhira, to whom Lomaśa is speaking. (O son of Kuntī)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kaunteya

kaunteya - son of Kuntī, descendant of Kuntī

Patronymic from Kuntī.

तथा (tathā) - Connects the list of sages. (likewise, thus, and)

(indeclinable)

राजर्षयः (rājarṣayaḥ) - royal sages, kingly sages

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājarṣi

rājarṣi - royal sage, kingly sage (a king who is also a sage)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (rājan+ṛṣi)