महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-129, verse-12

अत्रैव नाहुषो राजा राजन्क्रतुभिरिष्टवान् ।
ययातिर्बहुरत्नाढ्यैर्यत्रेन्द्रो मुदमभ्यगात् ॥१२॥

12. atraiva nāhuṣo rājā rājankratubhiriṣṭavān ,
yayātirbahuratnāḍhyairyatrendro mudamabhyagāt.

12. atra eva nāhuṣaḥ rājā rājan kratubhiḥ iṣṭavān
yayātiḥ bahuratnāḍhyaiḥ yatra indraḥ mudam abhyagāt

12. O King, it was right here that King Nahuṣa performed many rituals. And it was where (King) Yayāti performed rituals rich in numerous treasures that Indra attained great joy.

Words meanings summery:

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this place

• एव (eva) - just, only, indeed, certainly

• नाहुषः (nāhuṣaḥ) - Nahuṣa (a legendary king)

• राजा (rājā) - king

• राजन् (rājan) - Addressed to the listener (likely Yudhiṣṭhira or Dhṛtarāṣṭra). (O king)

• क्रतुभिः (kratubhiḥ) - by sacrifices, with rituals

• इष्टवान् (iṣṭavān) - performed (sacrifices/rituals) (performed (a sacrifice), worshipped, desired)

• ययातिः (yayātiḥ) - Yayāti (a legendary king)

• बहुरत्नाढ्यैः (bahuratnāḍhyaiḥ) - Describes the 'kratu' (rituals/sacrifices) performed by Yayāti, implying they were lavish. (by those rich in many jewels/treasures)

• यत्र (yatra) - where, in which place, in which case

• इन्द्रः (indraḥ) - Indra (king of the gods)

• मुदम् (mudam) - joy, delight, pleasure

• अभ्यगात् (abhyagāt) - Indra attained joy. (he approached, he attained, he experienced)

Words meanings and morphology

अत्र (atra) - here, in this place

(indeclinable)

Locative case form of 'idam' (this), used as an indeclinable adverb.

एव (eva) - just, only, indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

नाहुषः (nāhuṣaḥ) - Nahuṣa (a legendary king)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nāhuṣa

nāhuṣa - Nahuṣa (son of Ayu and father of Yayāti, a celebrated king)

Patronymic from Nahuṣa.

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign, ruler

राजन् (rājan) - Addressed to the listener (likely Yudhiṣṭhira or Dhṛtarāṣṭra). (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign, ruler

क्रतुभिः (kratubhiḥ) - by sacrifices, with rituals

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kratu

kratu - sacrifice, ritual, rite, power, wisdom, understanding

इष्टवान् (iṣṭavān) - performed (sacrifices/rituals) (performed (a sacrifice), worshipped, desired)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of iṣṭavat

iṣṭavat - one who has sacrificed, one who has worshipped, one who has desired

Past Active Participle

From root 'yaj' (to sacrifice, worship) or 'iṣ' (to desire), with the kṛt suffix '-vat' (ktavat). The root 'yaj' undergoes irregular formation to 'iṣṭa' for PPP, then '-vat' for PAP.

Root: yaj (class 1)

Note: Acts as the predicate for the subject `Nāhuṣaḥ rājā`.

ययातिः (yayātiḥ) - Yayāti (a legendary king)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yayāti

yayāti - Yayāti (son of Nahuṣa and father of Yadu, Turvasu, Druhyu, Anu, Pūru)

बहुरत्नाढ्यैः (bahuratnāḍhyaiḥ) - Describes the 'kratu' (rituals/sacrifices) performed by Yayāti, implying they were lavish. (by those rich in many jewels/treasures)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bahuratnāḍhya

bahuratnāḍhya - rich in many jewels/treasures, possessing many valuable things

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bahu+ratna+āḍhya)

• bahu – many, much, numerous
  adjective (neuter)
• ratna – jewel, gem, precious stone, treasure
  noun (neuter)
• āḍhya – rich, wealthy, opulent, endowed with
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with implied `kratubhiḥ`.

यत्र (yatra) - where, in which place, in which case

(indeclinable)

From pronominal stem 'ya' + locative suffix 'tra'.

इन्द्रः (indraḥ) - Indra (king of the gods)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of indra

indra - Indra (the chief deity of the Ṛgveda, king of Svarga and the Devas)

मुदम् (mudam) - joy, delight, pleasure

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mud

mud - joy, delight, pleasure, happiness

Note: Object of `abhyagāt`.

अभ्यगात् (abhyagāt) - Indra attained joy. (he approached, he attained, he experienced)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of gam

Aorist, Third Person Singular, Parasmaipada

From prefix 'abhi' + root 'gam' (to go) in 1st conjugation. Aorist form for 3rd person singular.

Prefix: abhi

Root: gam (class 1)