महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-9, verse-23

गीतवादित्रवन्तश्च गन्धर्वाप्सरसां गणाः ।
स्तुवन्तो वरुणं तस्यां सर्व एव समासते ॥२३॥

23. gītavāditravantaśca gandharvāpsarasāṁ gaṇāḥ ,
stuvanto varuṇaṁ tasyāṁ sarva eva samāsate.

23. gītavāditravantaḥ ca gandharvāpsarasām gaṇāḥ
stuvantaḥ varuṇam tasyām sarve eva samāsate

23. Groups of Gandharvas and Apsaras, with their songs and musical instruments, all praising Varuna, are present there.

Words meanings summery:

• गीतवादित्रवन्तः (gītavāditravantaḥ) - Describing the groups of Gandharvas and Apsaras. (having songs and musical instruments, accompanied by music)

• च (ca) - and, also

• गन्धर्वाप्सरसाम् (gandharvāpsarasām) - Indicating the composition of the groups (gaṇāḥ). (of Gandharvas and Apsaras)

• गणाः (gaṇāḥ) - Referring to the assembled celestial beings. (groups, hosts, multitudes, assemblages)

• स्तुवन्तः (stuvantaḥ) - The groups of Gandharvas and Apsaras are praising Varuna. (praising, eulogizing)

• वरुणम् (varuṇam) - The deity who is being praised. (Varuna (Vedic deity of cosmic order and waters))

• तस्याम् (tasyām) - Refers to the assembly or place where this gathering is taking place. (in that (feminine))

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only, just

• समासते (samāsate) - Describes the collective presence of the Gandharvas and Apsaras. (they sit together, they assemble, they are present)

Words meanings and morphology

गीतवादित्रवन्तः (gītavāditravantaḥ) - Describing the groups of Gandharvas and Apsaras. (having songs and musical instruments, accompanied by music)

(compound adjective)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (gīta+vāditra)

• gīta – sung, song, melody
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `gai` (to sing).
  Root: gai (class 1)
• vāditra – musical instrument, playing an instrument
  noun (neuter)
  From root `vad` (to speak, play an instrument).
  Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Modifies `gaṇāḥ`.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

गन्धर्वाप्सरसाम् (gandharvāpsarasām) - Indicating the composition of the groups (gaṇāḥ). (of Gandharvas and Apsaras)

(compound noun)

Compound type : dvandva (gandharva+apsaras)

• gandharva – a Gandharva (celestial musician)
  proper noun (masculine)
• apsaras – an Apsaras (celestial nymph, dancer)
  proper noun (feminine)

Note: The compound is `gandharva` + `apsaras`, formed with the plural of both.

गणाः (gaṇāḥ) - Referring to the assembled celestial beings. (groups, hosts, multitudes, assemblages)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gaṇa

gaṇa - troop, multitude, host, group, collection

Root: gaṇ (class 10)

Note: Subject of `samāsate`.

स्तुवन्तः (stuvantaḥ) - The groups of Gandharvas and Apsaras are praising Varuna. (praising, eulogizing)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of stuvat

stuvat - praising, eulogizing

Present Active Participle

From root `stu` (to praise) + `śatṛ` suffix.

Root: stu (class 2)

Note: Modifies `gaṇāḥ`.

वरुणम् (varuṇam) - The deity who is being praised. (Varuna (Vedic deity of cosmic order and waters))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of varuṇa

varuṇa - Varuna (Vedic god of cosmic order, water, and the ocean); water, ocean

Root: vṛ (class 5)

तस्याम् (tasyām) - Refers to the assembly or place where this gathering is taking place. (in that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Locative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to an implied `sabha` (assembly) or `velā` (occasion).

सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, whole, every

Pronominal adjective.

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only, just

(indeclinable)

An emphatic particle.

समासते (samāsate) - Describes the collective presence of the Gandharvas and Apsaras. (they sit together, they assemble, they are present)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of samās

Present Tense, Middle Voice

From `sam` (together) + root `ās` (to sit).

Prefix: sam

Root: ās (class 2)

Note: The verb for the collective subjects.