महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-16, chapter-7, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
तं शयानं महात्मानं वीरमानकदुन्दुभिम् ।
पुत्रशोकाभिसंतप्तं ददर्श कुरुपुंगवः ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
taṁ śayānaṁ mahātmānaṁ vīramānakadundubhim ,
putraśokābhisaṁtaptaṁ dadarśa kurupuṁgavaḥ.

1. vaiśampāyana uvāca tam śayānam mahātmānam vīram
ānakadundubhim putraśokābhisantaptam dadarśa kurupuṅgavaḥ

1. Vaiśampāyana said: The best of the Kurus (Arjuna) saw that great-souled (mahātman) hero, Anakadundubhi (Vasudeva), lying down, afflicted by grief for his sons.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - The sage Vaiśampāyana (narrating to Janamejaya) (Vaiśampāyana (a sage))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• तम् (tam) - him (Vasudeva) (him, that)

• शयानम् (śayānam) - lying down (lying down, resting)

• महात्मानम् (mahātmānam) - great-souled (great-souled, noble, illustrious)

• वीरम् (vīram) - hero (hero, brave man)

• आनकदुन्दुभिम् (ānakadundubhim) - Anakadundubhi (Vasudeva, father of Krishna) (Anakadundubhi (name of Vasudeva))

• पुत्रशोकाभिसन्तप्तम् (putraśokābhisantaptam) - afflicted by grief for his sons (greatly distressed by grief for sons, tormented by sorrow for children)

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - saw (saw, beheld)

• कुरुपुङ्गवः (kurupuṅgavaḥ) - the best of the Kurus (Arjuna) (foremost among the Kurus, best of the Kurus)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - The sage Vaiśampāyana (narrating to Janamejaya) (Vaiśampāyana (a sage))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśampāyana

vaiśampāyana - Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active

root 'vac', perfect, 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

तम् (tam) - him (Vasudeva) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

शयानम् (śayānam) - lying down (lying down, resting)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śayana

śayana - lying down, sleep, bed

present active participle

root 'śī' (to lie down), present active participle

Root: śī (class 2)

महात्मानम् (mahātmānam) - great-souled (great-souled, noble, illustrious)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous person

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large, vast
  adjective (neuter)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

वीरम् (vīram) - hero (hero, brave man)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, brave man, warrior

आनकदुन्दुभिम् (ānakadundubhim) - Anakadundubhi (Vasudeva, father of Krishna) (Anakadundubhi (name of Vasudeva))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ānakadundubhi

ānakadundubhi - Anakadundubhi (name of Vasudeva, lit. 'one whose drums sounded at his birth')

Compound type : bahuvrihi (ānaka+dundubhi)

• ānaka – a drum
  noun (masculine)
• dundubhi – a large drum, war drum
  noun (masculine)

पुत्रशोकाभिसन्तप्तम् (putraśokābhisantaptam) - afflicted by grief for his sons (greatly distressed by grief for sons, tormented by sorrow for children)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putraśokābhisantapta

putraśokābhisantapta - greatly distressed by grief for sons

Compound type : tatpurusha (putra+śoka+abhisantapta)

• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
• śoka – grief, sorrow, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• abhisantapta – greatly distressed, tormented
  adjective (masculine)
  past passive participle
  root 'tap' with prefixes 'abhi' and 'sam'
  Prefixes: abhi+sam
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: A karmadhāraya compound where 'putraśoka' is a tatpurusha, then compounded with 'abhisantapta'. putraśokābhisantaptam = 'afflicted by grief for sons'.

ददर्श (dadarśa) - saw (saw, beheld)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of dṛś

perfect active

root 'dṛś', perfect, 3rd person singular

Root: dṛś (class 1)

कुरुपुङ्गवः (kurupuṅgavaḥ) - the best of the Kurus (Arjuna) (foremost among the Kurus, best of the Kurus)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kurupuṅgava

kurupuṅgava - foremost among the Kurus

Compound type : tatpurusha (kuru+puṅgava)

• kuru – Kuru (name of an ancient king and his descendants)
  proper noun (masculine)
• puṅgava – bull, chief, eminent, best
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Arjuna.