महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-16, chapter-7, verse-5

यौ तावर्जुन शिष्यौ ते प्रियौ बहुमतौ सदा ।
तयोरपनयात्पार्थ वृष्णयो निधनं गताः ॥५॥

5. yau tāvarjuna śiṣyau te priyau bahumatau sadā ,
tayorapanayātpārtha vṛṣṇayo nidhanaṁ gatāḥ.

5. yau tau arjuna śiṣyau te priyau bahumatāu sadā
tayoḥ apanayāt pārtha vṛṣṇayaḥ nidhanam gatāḥ

5. pārtha arjuna te yau tau śiṣyau sadā priyau bahumatāu,
tayoḥ apanayāt vṛṣṇayaḥ nidhanam gatāḥ

5. O Pārtha, due to the transgression of those two disciples of yours, Arjuna, who were always dear and highly regarded, the Vṛṣṇis met their end.

Words meanings summery:

• यौ (yau) - the two (disciples, Pradyumna and Yuyudhāna) who (whichever two, those two)

• तौ (tau) - those two

• अर्जुन (arjuna) - O Arjuna

• शिष्यौ (śiṣyau) - two disciples

• ते (te) - your

• प्रियौ (priyau) - dear, beloved (dual)

• बहुमताउ (bahumatāu) - highly regarded, much esteemed (dual)

• सदा (sadā) - always, ever

• तयोः (tayoḥ) - of those two disciples (of those two, their)

• अपनयात् (apanayāt) - due to transgression, from misconduct

• पार्थ (pārtha) - O Pārtha (Arjuna) (O son of Pṛthā)

• वृष्णयः (vṛṣṇayaḥ) - the Vṛṣṇis (a Yadu clan)

• निधनम् (nidhanam) - destruction, death, end

• गताः (gatāḥ) - met their end (gone, met (their end))

Words meanings and morphology

यौ (yau) - the two (disciples, Pradyumna and Yuyudhāna) who (whichever two, those two)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of yad

yad - which, who

Note: Refers to Pradyumna and Yuyudhāna, elaborated in the next verse.

तौ (tau) - those two

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अर्जुन (arjuna) - O Arjuna

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (name of a Pāṇḍava prince)

शिष्यौ (śiṣyau) - two disciples

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of śiṣya

śiṣya - disciple, student

ते (te) - your

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

प्रियौ (priyau) - dear, beloved (dual)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of priya

priya - dear, beloved, pleasing

बहुमताउ (bahumatāu) - highly regarded, much esteemed (dual)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of bahumata

bahumata - highly esteemed, much regarded

Past Passive Participle

From 'bahu' (much) and 'mata' (thought, esteemed)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (bahu+mata)

• bahu – much, many
  adjective
• mata – thought, opinion, esteemed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root man (to think)
  Root: man (class 4)

सदा (sadā) - always, ever

(indeclinable)

तयोः (tayoḥ) - of those two disciples (of those two, their)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अपनयात् (apanayāt) - due to transgression, from misconduct

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of apanaya

apanaya - misconduct, transgression, misbehavior

From 'apa-nī' (to lead away, transgress)

Prefix: apa

Root: nī (class 1)

पार्थ (pārtha) - O Pārtha (Arjuna) (O son of Pṛthā)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), Arjuna

Derived from 'pṛthā' (Kuntī)

वृष्णयः (vṛṣṇayaḥ) - the Vṛṣṇis (a Yadu clan)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vṛṣṇi

vṛṣṇi - name of a Yādava clan, member of the Vṛṣṇi clan

निधनम् (nidhanam) - destruction, death, end

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nidhana

nidhana - death, destruction, end

From 'ni-dhā' (to put down, deposit)

Prefix: ni

Root: dhā (class 3)

गताः (gatāḥ) - met their end (gone, met (their end))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gata

gata - gone, arrived at, obtained

Past Passive Participle

From root 'gam' (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Here, used as a predicate adjective with an implied verb 'to be', meaning 'have gone to destruction'.