महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-39, verse-23

जगाम तदहश्चापि तेषां वर्षशतं यथा ।
निशां प्रतीक्षमाणानां दिदृक्षूणां मृतान्नृपान् ॥२३॥

23. jagāma tadahaścāpi teṣāṁ varṣaśataṁ yathā ,
niśāṁ pratīkṣamāṇānāṁ didṛkṣūṇāṁ mṛtānnṛpān.

23. jagāma tad ahaḥ ca api teṣām varṣaśatam yathā
niśām pratīkṣamāṇānām didṛkṣūṇām mṛtān nṛpān

23. ca api teṣām tad ahaḥ niśām pratīkṣamāṇānām mṛtān nṛpān didṛkṣūṇām varṣaśatam yathā jagāma.

23. And that day passed for them as if it were a hundred years, for those who were waiting for the night, desirous of seeing the dead kings.

Words meanings summery:

• जगाम (jagāma) - passed (of time) (went, moved, passed)

• तद् (tad) - that (day) (that, it)

• अहः (ahaḥ) - the day (day)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अपि (api) - also (also, even, indeed, too)

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of those (people) (of them)

• वर्षशतम् (varṣaśatam) - like a hundred years (a hundred years)

• यथा (yathā) - as if (as, just as, like, in which way)

• निशाम् (niśām) - the night (night)

• प्रतीक्षमाणानाम् (pratīkṣamāṇānām) - of those (people) waiting (of those waiting, of those expecting)

• दिदृक्षूणाम् (didṛkṣūṇām) - of those eager to see (of those desirous to see)

• मृतान् (mṛtān) - the deceased (kings) (dead, deceased)

• नृपान् (nṛpān) - the kings (kings, rulers)

Words meanings and morphology

जगाम (jagāma) - passed (of time) (went, moved, passed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of gam

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Refers to 'ahaḥ'.

तद् (tad) - that (day) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

Note: Sandhi form of 'tat' before a vowel.

अहः (ahaḥ) - the day (day)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ahan

ahan - day

Note: Sandhi form of 'ahan' before 'ca'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also (also, even, indeed, too)

(indeclinable)

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of those (people) (of them)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

Note: Refers to the people mentioned in previous verses.

वर्षशतम् (varṣaśatam) - like a hundred years (a hundred years)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of varṣaśata

varṣaśata - a hundred years

Tatpurusha compound: 'varṣa' (year) + 'śata' (hundred)

Compound type : tatpurusha (varṣa+śata)

• varṣa – year, rain, monsoon
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vṛṣ (class 1)
• śata – hundred
  noun (neuter)

Note: Used adverbially with 'yathā'.

यथा (yathā) - as if (as, just as, like, in which way)

(indeclinable)

निशाम् (niśām) - the night (night)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of niśā

niśā - night

Note: Object of 'pratīkṣamāṇānām'.

प्रतीक्षमाणानाम् (pratīkṣamāṇānām) - of those (people) waiting (of those waiting, of those expecting)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pratīkṣamāṇa

pratīkṣamāṇa - waiting, expecting, looking for

Present Middle Participle

Present Middle Participle of root 'īkṣ' (to see) with prefix 'prati'

Prefix: prati

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied noun (people) and 'teṣām'.

दिदृक्षूणाम् (didṛkṣūṇām) - of those eager to see (of those desirous to see)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of didṛkṣu

didṛkṣu - desirous of seeing, wishing to see

desiderative noun/adjective

Desiderative form of root 'dṛś' (to see) with 'u' suffix

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied noun (people) and 'teṣām'.

मृतान् (mṛtān) - the deceased (kings) (dead, deceased)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of mṛta

mṛta - dead, deceased, passed away

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root 'mṛ' (to die)

Root: mṛ (class 6)

नृपान् (nṛpān) - the kings (kings, rulers)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, monarch, ruler

From 'nṛ' (man) + 'pa' (protector)

Compound type : tatpurusha (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, ruler, drinker
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'pā' (to protect/drink)
  Root: pā (class 1)

Note: Object of 'didṛkṣūṇām'.